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Limits Continuity and Differentiability question

2021 · 17 Mar · Shift 2 · Q31
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  5. /2021 · 17 Mar · Shift 2 · Q31

Limits Continuity and Differentiability question

2021 · 17 Mar · Shift 2 · Q31

JEE MainMathematicsLimits Continuity and DifferentiabilityMCQ+4 / −1
The value of lim⁡n→∞[r]+[2r]+...+[nr]n2\mathop {\lim }\limits_{n \to \infty } {{[r] + [2r] + ... + [nr]} \over {{n^2}}}n→∞lim​n2[r]+[2r]+...+[nr]​, where r is a non-zero real number and [r] denotes the greatest integer less than or equal to r, is equal to :
  1. A
    r
  2. B
    r2{r \over 2}2r​
  3. C
    0
  4. D
    2r
View written solutionFree

Correct answer: B

  1. Let S_n=[r]+[2r]+ rac{}{}\cdots+[nr]=\sum_{k=1}^n [kr]. We need lim⁡n→∞Snn2.\lim_{n\to\infty}\frac{S_n}{n^2}.limn→∞​n2Sn​​.

  2. Use the standard inequality for the floor function: x−1<[x]≤x.x-1<[x]\le x.x−1<[x]≤x. Putting x=krx=krx=kr, we get for each kkk: kr−1<[kr]≤kr.kr-1<[kr]\le kr.kr−1<[kr]≤kr.

  3. Sum from k=1k=1k=1 to nnn: ∑k=1n(kr−1)<∑k=1n[kr]≤∑k=1nkr.\sum_{k=1}^n (kr-1)<\sum_{k=1}^n [kr]\le \sum_{k=1}^n kr.∑k=1n​(kr−1)<∑k=1n​[kr]≤∑k=1n​kr. So, r∑k=1nk−n<Sn≤r∑k=1nk.r\sum_{k=1}^n k - n < S_n \le r\sum_{k=1}^n k.r∑k=1n​k−n<Sn​≤r∑k=1n​k. Since ∑k=1nk=n(n+1)2,\sum_{k=1}^n k=\frac{n(n+1)}{2},∑k=1n​k=2n(n+1)​, we obtain rn(n+1)2−n<Sn≤rn(n+1)2.r\frac{n(n+1)}{2}-n<S_n\le r\frac{n(n+1)}{2}.r2n(n+1)​−n<Sn​≤r2n(n+1)​.

  4. Divide throughout by n2n^2n2: rn(n+1)2n2−1n<Snn2≤rn(n+1)2n2.r\frac{n(n+1)}{2n^2}-\frac{1}{n}<\frac{S_n}{n^2}\le r\frac{n(n+1)}{2n^2}.r2n2n(n+1)​−n1​<n2Sn​​≤r2n2n(n+1)​. That is, r⋅n+12n−1n<Snn2≤r⋅n+12n.r\cdot \frac{n+1}{2n}-\frac{1}{n}<\frac{S_n}{n^2}\le r\cdot \frac{n+1}{2n}.r⋅2nn+1​−n1​<n2Sn​​≤r⋅2nn+1​.

  5. Now let n→∞n\to\inftyn→∞: n+12n→12,1n→0.\frac{n+1}{2n}\to \frac12, \qquad \frac1n\to 0.2nn+1​→21​,n1​→0. Both lower and upper bounds tend to r2.\frac r2.2r​. Hence by the squeeze theorem, lim⁡n→∞[r]+[2r]+⋯+[nr]n2=r2.\lim_{n\to\infty}\frac{[r]+[2r]+\cdots+[nr]}{n^2}=\frac r2.limn→∞​n2[r]+[2r]+⋯+[nr]​=2r​.

  6. Therefore the correct option is: B: r2.\boxed{\text{B: }\frac r2}.B: 2r​​.

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