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Limits Continuity and Differentiability question

2021 · 1 Sep · Shift 2 · Q45
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  5. /2021 · 1 Sep · Shift 2 · Q45

Limits Continuity and Differentiability question

2021 · 1 Sep · Shift 2 · Q45

JEE MainMathematicsLimits Continuity and DifferentiabilityNumerical+4 / −1
Let [t] denote the greatest integer ≤\le≤ t. The number of points where the function f(x)=[x]∣x2−1∣+sin⁡(π[x]+3)−[x+1],x∈(−2,2)f(x) = [x]\left| {{x^2} - 1} \right| + \sin \left( {{\pi \over {[x] + 3}}} \right) - [x + 1],x \in ( - 2,2)f(x)=[x]​x2−1​+sin([x]+3π​)−[x+1],x∈(−2,2) is not continuous is ‾\underline{\hspace{2cm}}​.
Numerical answer
View written solutionFree

Correct answer: 2

  1. Given function
f(x)=[x]∣x2−1∣+sin⁡(π[x]+3)−[x+1],x∈(−2,2)f(x)=[x]|x^2-1|+\sin\left(\frac{\pi}{[x]+3}\right)-[x+1], \qquad x\in(-2,2)f(x)=[x]∣x2−1∣+sin([x]+3π​)−[x+1],x∈(−2,2)

We need the number of points in (−2,2)(-2,2)(−2,2) where f(x)f(x)f(x) is not continuous.


  1. Where can discontinuity occur?

The functions ∣x2−1∣|x^2-1|∣x2−1∣ and sin⁡(⋅)\sin(\cdot)sin(⋅) are continuous wherever defined.

The only possible discontinuities come from the greatest integer terms:

  • [x][x][x] changes value at integers,
  • [x+1][x+1][x+1] also changes value at integers.

In the interval (−2,2)(-2,2)(−2,2), the integers are:

−1, 0, 1-1,\ 0,\ 1−1, 0, 1

So we only need to check continuity at x=−1,0,1x=-1,0,1x=−1,0,1.

For non-integer xxx, both [x][x][x] and [x+1][x+1][x+1] are constant on each interval, so fff is continuous there.


  1. Compute f(x)f(x)f(x) on each interval

(i) For x∈(−2,−1)x\in(-2,-1)x∈(−2,−1)

Then

[x]=−2,[x+1]=−1[x]=-2, \qquad [x+1]=-1[x]=−2,[x+1]=−1

Hence

f(x)=−2∣x2−1∣+sin⁡(π−2+3)−(−1)f(x)=-2|x^2-1|+\sin\left(\frac{\pi}{-2+3}\right)-(-1)f(x)=−2∣x2−1∣+sin(−2+3π​)−(−1) =−2∣x2−1∣+sin⁡(π)+1= -2|x^2-1|+\sin(\pi)+1=−2∣x2−1∣+sin(π)+1 =−2∣x2−1∣+1= -2|x^2-1|+1=−2∣x2−1∣+1

(ii) For x∈(−1,0)x\in(-1,0)x∈(−1,0)

Then

[x]=−1,[x+1]=0[x]=-1, \qquad [x+1]=0[x]=−1,[x+1]=0

So

f(x)=−∣x2−1∣+sin⁡(π−1+3)−0f(x)=-|x^2-1|+\sin\left(\frac{\pi}{-1+3}\right)-0f(x)=−∣x2−1∣+sin(−1+3π​)−0 =−∣x2−1∣+sin⁡(π2)= -|x^2-1|+\sin\left(\frac{\pi}{2}\right)=−∣x2−1∣+sin(2π​) =−∣x2−1∣+1= -|x^2-1|+1=−∣x2−1∣+1

(iii) For x∈(0,1)x\in(0,1)x∈(0,1)

Then

[x]=0,[x+1]=1[x]=0, \qquad [x+1]=1[x]=0,[x+1]=1

Thus

f(x)=0⋅∣x2−1∣+sin⁡(π3)−1f(x)=0\cdot |x^2-1|+\sin\left(\frac{\pi}{3}\right)-1f(x)=0⋅∣x2−1∣+sin(3π​)−1 =32−1= \frac{\sqrt3}{2}-1=23​​−1

So it is constant on (0,1)(0,1)(0,1).


(iv) For x∈(1,2)x\in(1,2)x∈(1,2)

Then

[x]=1,[x+1]=2[x]=1, \qquad [x+1]=2[x]=1,[x+1]=2

So

f(x)=∣x2−1∣+sin⁡(π4)−2f(x)=|x^2-1|+\sin\left(\frac{\pi}{4}\right)-2f(x)=∣x2−1∣+sin(4π​)−2 =∣x2−1∣+22−2= |x^2-1|+\frac{\sqrt2}{2}-2=∣x2−1∣+22​​−2
  1. Check continuity at the candidate points

At x=−1x=-1x=−1

First compute the function value:

[−1]=−1,[−1+1]=[0]=0[-1]=-1, \qquad [-1+1]=[0]=0[−1]=−1,[−1+1]=[0]=0

So

f(−1)=(−1)∣(−1)2−1∣+sin⁡(π2)−0f(-1)=(-1)|(-1)^2-1|+\sin\left(\frac{\pi}{2}\right)-0f(−1)=(−1)∣(−1)2−1∣+sin(2π​)−0 =(−1)⋅0+1=1= (-1)\cdot 0+1=1=(−1)⋅0+1=1

Left-hand limit

From (−2,−1)(-2,-1)(−2,−1):

lim⁡x→−1−f(x)=lim⁡x→−1−(−2∣x2−1∣+1)=1\lim_{x\to-1^-}f(x)=\lim_{x\to-1^-}\left(-2|x^2-1|+1\right)=1x→−1−lim​f(x)=x→−1−lim​(−2∣x2−1∣+1)=1

since ∣x2−1∣→0|x^2-1|\to 0∣x2−1∣→0.

Right-hand limit

From (−1,0)(-1,0)(−1,0):

lim⁡x→−1+f(x)=lim⁡x→−1+(−∣x2−1∣+1)=1\lim_{x\to-1^+}f(x)=\lim_{x\to-1^+}\left(-|x^2-1|+1\right)=1x→−1+lim​f(x)=x→−1+lim​(−∣x2−1∣+1)=1

Thus

lim⁡x→−1−f(x)=lim⁡x→−1+f(x)=f(−1)=1\lim_{x\to-1^-}f(x)=\lim_{x\to-1^+}f(x)=f(-1)=1x→−1−lim​f(x)=x→−1+lim​f(x)=f(−1)=1

So fff is continuous at x=−1x=-1x=−1.


At x=0x=0x=0

Function value:

[0]=0,[1]=1[0]=0, \qquad [1]=1[0]=0,[1]=1

Hence

f(0)=0⋅∣02−1∣+sin⁡(π3)−1=32−1f(0)=0\cdot|0^2-1|+\sin\left(\frac{\pi}{3}\right)-1=\frac{\sqrt3}{2}-1f(0)=0⋅∣02−1∣+sin(3π​)−1=23​​−1

Left-hand limit

From (−1,0)(-1,0)(−1,0):

For x∈(−1,0)x\in(-1,0)x∈(−1,0), x2<1x^2<1x2<1, so

∣x2−1∣=1−x2|x^2-1|=1-x^2∣x2−1∣=1−x2

Therefore

f(x)=−(1−x2)+1=x2f(x)=-(1-x^2)+1=x^2f(x)=−(1−x2)+1=x2

So

lim⁡x→0−f(x)=0\lim_{x\to 0^-}f(x)=0x→0−lim​f(x)=0

Right-hand limit

From (0,1)(0,1)(0,1):

lim⁡x→0+f(x)=32−1\lim_{x\to 0^+}f(x)=\frac{\sqrt3}{2}-1x→0+lim​f(x)=23​​−1

Since

0≠32−1,0 \ne \frac{\sqrt3}{2}-1,0=23​​−1,

fff is not continuous at x=0x=0x=0.


At x=1x=1x=1

Function value:

[1]=1,[2]=2[1]=1, \qquad [2]=2[1]=1,[2]=2

So

f(1)=1⋅∣12−1∣+sin⁡(π4)−2=22−2f(1)=1\cdot |1^2-1|+\sin\left(\frac{\pi}{4}\right)-2=\frac{\sqrt2}{2}-2f(1)=1⋅∣12−1∣+sin(4π​)−2=22​​−2

Left-hand limit

From (0,1)(0,1)(0,1):

lim⁡x→1−f(x)=32−1\lim_{x\to1^-}f(x)=\frac{\sqrt3}{2}-1x→1−lim​f(x)=23​​−1

Right-hand limit

From (1,2)(1,2)(1,2):

As x→1+x\to1^+x→1+, ∣x2−1∣→0|x^2-1|\to0∣x2−1∣→0, so

lim⁡x→1+f(x)=22−2\lim_{x\to1^+}f(x)=\frac{\sqrt2}{2}-2x→1+lim​f(x)=22​​−2

These are unequal, hence fff is not continuous at x=1x=1x=1.


  1. Conclusion

The function is discontinuous at exactly:

x=0, 1x=0,\ 1x=0, 1

So the number of points of discontinuity is

2\boxed{2}2​


  1. Comparison with stored answer

Stored correct answer: 222

Our derived answer: 222

They match.

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