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Indefinite Integrals question

2023 · 15 Apr · Shift 1 · Q41
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  5. /2023 · 15 Apr · Shift 1 · Q41

Indefinite Integrals question

2023 · 15 Apr · Shift 1 · Q41

JEE MainMathematicsIndefinite IntegralsNumerical+4 / −1
Let f(x)=∫dx(3+4x2)4−3x2,∣x∣0f(x)=\int \frac{d x}{\left(3+4 x^{2}\right) \sqrt{4-3 x^{2}}},|x|0f(x)=∫(3+4x2)4−3x2​dx​,∣x∣0, then α2+β2\alpha^{2}+\beta^{2}α2+β2 is equal to ‾\underline{\hspace{2cm}}​.
Numerical answer
View written solutionFree

Correct answer: 28

  1. We need to evaluate
rac{1}{(3+4x^2)\,\sqrt{4-3x^2}}

and write

f(x)=∫dx(3+4x2)4−3x2.f(x)=\int \frac{dx}{(3+4x^2)\sqrt{4-3x^2}}.f(x)=∫(3+4x2)4−3x2​dx​.

The question says that for ∣x∣>0|x|>0∣x∣>0, the antiderivative can be written in the form

f(x)=αtan⁡−1 ⁣(βx4−3x2)+C,f(x)=\alpha\tan^{-1}\!\left(\frac{\beta x}{\sqrt{4-3x^2}}\right)+C,f(x)=αtan−1(4−3x2​βx​)+C,

and asks for α2+β2\alpha^2+\beta^2α2+β2.

  1. Use the substitution
x=23sin⁡θ.x=\frac{2}{\sqrt{3}}\sin\theta.x=3​2​sinθ.

Then

dx=23cos⁡θ dθ,dx=\frac{2}{\sqrt{3}}\cos\theta\,d\theta,dx=3​2​cosθdθ,

and

4−3x2=4−3⋅43sin⁡2θ=4(1−sin⁡2θ)=2cos⁡θ.\sqrt{4-3x^2}=\sqrt{4-3\cdot \frac{4}{3}\sin^2\theta}=\sqrt{4(1-\sin^2\theta)}=2\cos\theta.4−3x2​=4−3⋅34​sin2θ​=4(1−sin2θ)​=2cosθ.

Also,

3+4x2=3+4⋅43sin⁡2θ=3+163sin⁡2θ=9+16sin⁡2θ3.3+4x^2=3+4\cdot \frac{4}{3}\sin^2\theta=3+\frac{16}{3}\sin^2\theta =\frac{9+16\sin^2\theta}{3}.3+4x2=3+4⋅34​sin2θ=3+316​sin2θ=39+16sin2θ​.

So the integral becomes

I=∫dx(3+4x2)4−3x2=∫23cos⁡θ dθ(9+16sin⁡2θ3)(2cos⁡θ).I=\int \frac{dx}{(3+4x^2)\sqrt{4-3x^2}} =\int \frac{\frac{2}{\sqrt{3}}\cos\theta\,d\theta}{\left(\frac{9+16\sin^2\theta}{3}\right)(2\cos\theta)}.I=∫(3+4x2)4−3x2​dx​=∫(39+16sin2θ​)(2cosθ)3​2​cosθdθ​.

Canceling 2cos⁡θ2\cos\theta2cosθ,

I=∫139+16sin⁡2θ3 dθ=3∫dθ9+16sin⁡2θ.I=\int \frac{\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}}{\frac{9+16\sin^2\theta}{3}}\,d\theta =\sqrt{3}\int \frac{d\theta}{9+16\sin^2\theta}.I=∫39+16sin2θ​3​1​​dθ=3​∫9+16sin2θdθ​.
  1. Convert this to a standard form using t=tan⁡θt=\tan\thetat=tanθ. Then
sin⁡2θ=t21+t2,dθ=dt1+t2.\sin^2\theta=\frac{t^2}{1+t^2}, \qquad d\theta=\frac{dt}{1+t^2}.sin2θ=1+t2t2​,dθ=1+t2dt​.

Hence

9+16sin⁡2θ=9+16⋅t21+t2=9(1+t2)+16t21+t2=9+25t21+t2.9+16\sin^2\theta=9+16\cdot \frac{t^2}{1+t^2} =\frac{9(1+t^2)+16t^2}{1+t^2} =\frac{9+25t^2}{1+t^2}.9+16sin2θ=9+16⋅1+t2t2​=1+t29(1+t2)+16t2​=1+t29+25t2​.

Therefore,

I=3∫19+25t21+t2⋅dt1+t2=3∫dt9+25t2.I=\sqrt{3}\int \frac{1}{\frac{9+25t^2}{1+t^2}}\cdot \frac{dt}{1+t^2} =\sqrt{3}\int \frac{dt}{9+25t^2}.I=3​∫1+t29+25t2​1​⋅1+t2dt​=3​∫9+25t2dt​.
  1. Now integrate:
∫dt9+25t2=115tan⁡−1(5t3)+C.\int \frac{dt}{9+25t^2} =\frac{1}{15}\tan^{-1}\left(\frac{5t}{3}\right)+C.∫9+25t2dt​=151​tan−1(35t​)+C.

So,

I=315tan⁡−1(5t3)+C.I=\frac{\sqrt{3}}{15}\tan^{-1}\left(\frac{5t}{3}\right)+C.I=153​​tan−1(35t​)+C.

Since t=tan⁡θt=\tan\thetat=tanθ and

x=23sin⁡θ,x=\frac{2}{\sqrt{3}}\sin\theta,x=3​2​sinθ,

we get

sin⁡θ=3x2,\sin\theta=\frac{\sqrt{3}x}{2},sinθ=23​x​, cos⁡θ=4−3x22.\cos\theta=\frac{\sqrt{4-3x^2}}{2}.cosθ=24−3x2​​.

Thus

tan⁡θ=sin⁡θcos⁡θ=3x24−3x22=3x4−3x2.\tan\theta=\frac{\sin\theta}{\cos\theta} =\frac{\frac{\sqrt{3}x}{2}}{\frac{\sqrt{4-3x^2}}{2}} =\frac{\sqrt{3}x}{\sqrt{4-3x^2}}.tanθ=cosθsinθ​=24−3x2​​23​x​​=4−3x2​3​x​.

Hence

I=315tan⁡−1(53⋅3x4−3x2)+C=315tan⁡−1(5x34−3x2)+C.I=\frac{\sqrt{3}}{15}\tan^{-1}\left(\frac{5}{3}\cdot \frac{\sqrt{3}x}{\sqrt{4-3x^2}}\right)+C =\frac{\sqrt{3}}{15}\tan^{-1}\left(\frac{5x}{\sqrt{3}\sqrt{4-3x^2}}\right)+C.I=153​​tan−1(35​⋅4−3x2​3​x​)+C=153​​tan−1(3​4−3x2​5x​)+C.
  1. Rewrite in the required form. Multiply numerator and denominator inside by 3\sqrt{3}3​:
5x34−3x2=53x34−3x2.\frac{5x}{\sqrt{3}\sqrt{4-3x^2}} =\frac{5\sqrt{3}x}{3\sqrt{4-3x^2}}.3​4−3x2​5x​=34−3x2​53​x​.

So one valid form is

f(x)=αtan⁡−1(βx4−3x2)+Cf(x)=\alpha\tan^{-1}\left(\frac{\beta x}{\sqrt{4-3x^2}}\right)+Cf(x)=αtan−1(4−3x2​βx​)+C

with

α=315,β=533.\alpha=\frac{\sqrt{3}}{15}, \qquad \beta=\frac{5\sqrt{3}}{3}.α=153​​,β=353​​.

Then

α2=3225=175,β2=25⋅39=253.\alpha^2=\frac{3}{225}=\frac{1}{75}, \qquad \beta^2=\frac{25\cdot 3}{9}=\frac{25}{3}.α2=2253​=751​,β2=925⋅3​=325​.

Thus

α2+β2=175+253=1+62575=62675,\alpha^2+\beta^2=\frac{1}{75}+\frac{25}{3} =\frac{1+625}{75}=\frac{626}{75},α2+β2=751​+325​=751+625​=75626​,

which is not an integer.

So the intended form in the question is almost certainly the standard one without irrational coefficients split awkwardly. Let us instead derive by direct differentiation the cleaner representation:

Assume

f(x)=αtan⁡−1(βx4−3x2)+C.f(x)=\alpha\tan^{-1}\left(\frac{\beta x}{\sqrt{4-3x^2}}\right)+C.f(x)=αtan−1(4−3x2​βx​)+C.

Let

u=βx4−3x2.u=\frac{\beta x}{\sqrt{4-3x^2}}.u=4−3x2​βx​.

Then

ν′=β⋅4(4−3x2)3/2.\nu' = \beta\cdot \frac{4}{(4-3x^2)^{3/2}}.ν′=β⋅(4−3x2)3/24​.

Also,

1+ν2=1+β2x24−3x2=4+(β2−3)x24−3x2.1+\nu^2=1+\frac{\beta^2x^2}{4-3x^2} =\frac{4+(\beta^2-3)x^2}{4-3x^2}.1+ν2=1+4−3x2β2x2​=4−3x24+(β2−3)x2​.

Hence

ddxtan⁡−1(ν)=ν′1+ν2=4β4−3x2 [4+(β2−3)x2].\frac{d}{dx}\tan^{-1}(\nu) =\frac{\nu'}{1+\nu^2} =\frac{4\beta}{\sqrt{4-3x^2}\,[4+(\beta^2-3)x^2]}.dxd​tan−1(ν)=1+ν2ν′​=4−3x2​[4+(β2−3)x2]4β​.

Therefore,

f′(x)=α⋅4β4−3x2 [4+(β2−3)x2].f'(x)=\alpha\cdot \frac{4\beta}{\sqrt{4-3x^2}\,[4+(\beta^2-3)x^2]}.f′(x)=α⋅4−3x2​[4+(β2−3)x2]4β​.

We want this equal to

1(3+4x2)4−3x2.\frac{1}{(3+4x^2)\sqrt{4-3x^2}}.(3+4x2)4−3x2​1​.

So

α⋅4β4+(β2−3)x2=13+4x2.\alpha\cdot \frac{4\beta}{4+(\beta^2-3)x^2} = \frac{1}{3+4x^2}.α⋅4+(β2−3)x24β​=3+4x21​.

Matching denominators gives

4+(β2−3)x2=k(3+4x2)4+(\beta^2-3)x^2 = k(3+4x^2)4+(β2−3)x2=k(3+4x2)

for some constant kkk, and numerator gives

4αβ=1k.4\alpha\beta = \frac{1}{k}.4αβ=k1​.

From constant term,

4=3k⇒k=43.4=3k \Rightarrow k=\frac{4}{3}.4=3k⇒k=34​.

Then from x2x^2x2 coefficient,

β2−3=4k=163⇒β2=253.\beta^2-3 = 4k = \frac{16}{3} \Rightarrow \beta^2=\frac{25}{3}.β2−3=4k=316​⇒β2=325​.

Also,

4αβ=34⇒αβ=316.4\alpha\beta = \frac{3}{4} \Rightarrow \alpha\beta=\frac{3}{16}.4αβ=43​⇒αβ=163​.

Using β=53\beta=\frac{5}{\sqrt{3}}β=3​5​,

α=316⋅35=3380,\alpha=\frac{3}{16}\cdot \frac{\sqrt{3}}{5}=\frac{3\sqrt{3}}{80},α=163​⋅53​​=8033​​,

which is inconsistent with the earlier exact antiderivative, showing that the question statement as transcribed is incomplete/misprinted regarding the exact required form of α,β\alpha,\betaα,β.

  1. Since the stored answer is 282828, the intended standard answer is likely obtained from a cleaner equivalent form such as
f(x)=147tan⁡−1(27x4−3x2)+C,f(x)=\frac{1}{4\sqrt{7}}\tan^{-1}\left(\frac{2\sqrt{7}x}{\sqrt{4-3x^2}}\right)+C,f(x)=47​1​tan−1(4−3x2​27​x​)+C,

or a similar misprinted variant, for which α2+β2\alpha^2+\beta^2α2+β2 can become an integer. But for the given integrand, the exact derivation does not yield 282828.

Therefore, based on the actual calculus, the stored answer appears inconsistent with the provided question text.

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