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Functions question

2023 · 11 Apr · Shift 2 · Q38
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Functions question

2023 · 11 Apr · Shift 2 · Q38

JEE MainMathematicsFunctionsNumerical+4 / −1
Let A={1,2,3,4,5}\mathrm{A}=\{1,2,3,4,5\}A={1,2,3,4,5} and B={1,2,3,4,5,6}\mathrm{B}=\{1,2,3,4,5,6\}B={1,2,3,4,5,6}. Then the number of functions f:A→Bf: \mathrm{A} \rightarrow \mathrm{B}f:A→B satisfying f(1)+f(2)=f(4)−1f(1)+f(2)=f(4)-1f(1)+f(2)=f(4)−1 is equal to ‾\underline{\hspace{2cm}}​.
Numerical answer
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Correct answer: 360

  1. We need to count functions f:A→Bf:A\to Bf:A→B where A={1,2,3,4,5},B={1,2,3,4,5,6}A=\{1,2,3,4,5\},\qquad B=\{1,2,3,4,5,6\}A={1,2,3,4,5},B={1,2,3,4,5,6} and the condition is f(1)+f(2)=f(4)−1.f(1)+f(2)=f(4)-1.f(1)+f(2)=f(4)−1.

  2. Rearrange the condition: f(4)=f(1)+f(2)+1.f(4)=f(1)+f(2)+1.f(4)=f(1)+f(2)+1. So once f(1)f(1)f(1) and f(2)f(2)f(2) are chosen, f(4)f(4)f(4) is fixed.

But since f(4)∈B={1,2,3,4,5,6}f(4)\in B=\{1,2,3,4,5,6\}f(4)∈B={1,2,3,4,5,6}, we must have 1≤f(1)+f(2)+1≤6.1\le f(1)+f(2)+1\le 6.1≤f(1)+f(2)+1≤6. Because f(1),f(2)≥1f(1),f(2)\ge 1f(1),f(2)≥1, the lower bound is automatic. Hence we only need f(1)+f(2)≤5.f(1)+f(2)\le 5.f(1)+f(2)≤5.

  1. Count ordered pairs (f(1),f(2))(f(1),f(2))(f(1),f(2)) with values in {1,2,3,4,5,6}\{1,2,3,4,5,6\}{1,2,3,4,5,6} such that f(1)+f(2)≤5.f(1)+f(2)\le 5.f(1)+f(2)≤5.

Possible sums:

  • Sum 222: (1,1)(1,1)(1,1) → 111 pair
  • Sum 333: (1,2),(2,1)(1,2),(2,1)(1,2),(2,1) → 222 pairs
  • Sum 444: (1,3),(2,2),(3,1)(1,3),(2,2),(3,1)(1,3),(2,2),(3,1) → 333 pairs
  • Sum 555: (1,4),(2,3),(3,2),(4,1)(1,4),(2,3),(3,2),(4,1)(1,4),(2,3),(3,2),(4,1) → 444 pairs

Total number of valid ordered pairs: 1+2+3+4=10.1+2+3+4=10.1+2+3+4=10.

  1. For each such valid choice of f(1),f(2)f(1),f(2)f(1),f(2), the value of f(4)f(4)f(4) is uniquely determined by f(4)=f(1)+f(2)+1.f(4)=f(1)+f(2)+1.f(4)=f(1)+f(2)+1.

  2. The values f(3)f(3)f(3) and f(5)f(5)f(5) are unrestricted, each can be any of the 666 elements of BBB. So number of choices for these is 6×6=36.6\times 6=36.6×6=36.

  3. Therefore total number of functions is 10×36=360.10\times 36=360.10×36=360.

Thus the required integer is 360.\boxed{360}.360​.

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