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Functions question

2023 · 24 Jan · Shift 2 · Q23
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  5. /2023 · 24 Jan · Shift 2 · Q23

Functions question

2023 · 24 Jan · Shift 2 · Q23

JEE MainMathematicsFunctionsMCQ+4 / −1
Let f(x)f(x)f(x) be a function such that f(x+y)=f(x).f(y)f(x+y)=f(x).f(y)f(x+y)=f(x).f(y) for all x,y∈Nx,y\in \mathbb{N}x,y∈N. If f(1)=3f(1)=3f(1)=3 and ∑k=1nf(k)=3279\sum\limits_{k = 1}^n {f(k) = 3279}k=1∑n​f(k)=3279, then the value of n is
  1. A
    9
  2. B
    7
  3. C
    6
  4. D
    8
View written solutionFree

Correct answer: B

  1. We are given

    \quad \text{for all } x,y\in \mathbb N,$$ with $$f(1)=3.$$
  2. Use the functional equation to find f(n)f(n)f(n) for natural numbers.

    Put y=1y=1y=1: f(x+1)=f(x)f(1)=3f(x).f(x+1)=f(x)f(1)=3f(x).f(x+1)=f(x)f(1)=3f(x). So the function forms a geometric progression on natural numbers.

    In particular, f(2)=f(1)f(1)=3⋅3=9=32,f(2)=f(1)f(1)=3\cdot 3=9=3^2,f(2)=f(1)f(1)=3⋅3=9=32, f(3)=f(2)f(1)=9⋅3=27=33.f(3)=f(2)f(1)=9\cdot 3=27=3^3.f(3)=f(2)f(1)=9⋅3=27=33.

    By induction, f(n)=3nfor all n∈N.f(n)=3^n \quad \text{for all } n\in \mathbb N.f(n)=3nfor all n∈N.

  3. Now use the given sum: ∑k=1nf(k)=3279.\sum_{k=1}^{n} f(k)=3279.∑k=1n​f(k)=3279. Since f(k)=3kf(k)=3^kf(k)=3k, we get ∑k=1n3k=3279.\sum_{k=1}^{n} 3^k=3279.∑k=1n​3k=3279.

  4. This is a geometric series: ∑k=1n3k=3(3n−1)3−1=3n+1−32.\sum_{k=1}^{n} 3^k=\frac{3(3^n-1)}{3-1}=\frac{3^{n+1}-3}{2}.∑k=1n​3k=3−13(3n−1)​=23n+1−3​.

    Hence, 3n+1−32=3279.\frac{3^{n+1}-3}{2}=3279.23n+1−3​=3279.

  5. Solve for nnn: 3n+1−3=6558,3^{n+1}-3=6558,3n+1−3=6558, 3n+1=6561.3^{n+1}=6561.3n+1=6561.

    Now, 6561=38.6561=3^8.6561=38. Therefore, n+1=8  ⟹  n=7.n+1=8 \implies n=7.n+1=8⟹n=7.

  6. Check with options:

    • A: 999
    • B: 777 ✅
    • C: 666
    • D: 888

So the correct option is B.

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