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Functions question

2021 · 25 Feb · Shift 2 · Q25
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  5. /2021 · 25 Feb · Shift 2 · Q25

Functions question

2021 · 25 Feb · Shift 2 · Q25

JEE MainMathematicsFunctionsMCQ+4 / −1
A function f(x) is given by f(x)=5x5x+5f(x) = {{{5^x}} \over {{5^x} + 5}}f(x)=5x+55x​, then the sum of the series f(120)+f(220)+f(320)+.......+f(3920)f\left( {{1 \over {20}}} \right) + f\left( {{2 \over {20}}} \right) + f\left( {{3 \over {20}}} \right) + ....... + f\left( {{{39} \over {20}}} \right)f(201​)+f(202​)+f(203​)+.......+f(2039​) is equal to :
  1. A
    392{{{39} \over 2}}239​
  2. B
    192{{{19} \over 2}}219​
  3. C
    492{{{49} \over 2}}249​
  4. D
    292{{{29} \over 2}}229​
View written solutionFree

Correct answer: A

  1. We need to find S=f(120)+f(220)+⋯+f(3920),S= f\left(\frac1{20}\right)+f\left(\frac2{20}\right)+\cdots+f\left(\frac{39}{20}\right),S=f(201​)+f(202​)+⋯+f(2039​), where f(x)=5x5x+5.f(x)=\frac{5^x}{5^x+5}.f(x)=5x+55x​.

  2. First, simplify the function in a useful way.

Divide numerator and denominator by 5x5^x5x: f(x)=11+51−x.f(x)=\frac{1}{1+5^{1-x}}.f(x)=1+51−x1​.

Now compute f(1−x)f(1-x)f(1−x): f(1−x)=51−x51−x+5.f(1-x)=\frac{5^{1-x}}{5^{1-x}+5}.f(1−x)=51−x+551−x​. Divide numerator and denominator by 555: f(1-x)=\frac{5^{-x}}{5^{-x}+1}= rac{1}{1+5^x}.

Also, f(x)=\frac{5^x}{5^x+5}= rac{5^{x-1}}{5^{x-1}+1}= rac{1}{1+5^{1-x}}.

So, f(x)+f(1−x)=11+51−x+11+5x.f(x)+f(1-x)=\frac{1}{1+5^{1-x}}+\frac{1}{1+5^x}.f(x)+f(1−x)=1+51−x1​+1+5x1​. But an easier direct check is: Let t=5xt=5^xt=5x. Then f(x)=\frac{t}{t+5},\qquad f(1-x)=\frac{5/t}{5/t+5}= rac{1}{t+1}. Hence f(x)+f(1−x)=tt+5+1t+1.f(x)+f(1-x)=\frac{t}{t+5}+\frac{1}{t+1}.f(x)+f(1−x)=t+5t​+t+11​. This is not immediately 111, so let us instead rewrite correctly:

Since f(x)=5x5x+5=5x−15x−1+1,f(x)=\frac{5^x}{5^x+5}=\frac{5^{x-1}}{5^{x-1}+1},f(x)=5x+55x​=5x−1+15x−1​, put u=5x−1u=5^{x-1}u=5x−1. Then f(x)=uu+1.f(x)=\frac{u}{u+1}.f(x)=u+1u​. Now f(2−x)=52−x52−x+5=51−x51−x+1.f(2-x)=\frac{5^{2-x}}{5^{2-x}+5}=\frac{5^{1-x}}{5^{1-x}+1}.f(2−x)=52−x+552−x​=51−x+151−x​. But since u=5x−1u=5^{x-1}u=5x−1, we have 51−x=1u5^{1-x}=\frac1u51−x=u1​. Therefore f(2−x)=1/u1/u+1=1u+1.f(2-x)=\frac{1/u}{1/u+1}=\frac{1}{u+1}.f(2−x)=1/u+11/u​=u+11​. Thus, f(x)+f(2−x)=uu+1+1u+1=1.f(x)+f(2-x)=\frac{u}{u+1}+\frac{1}{u+1}=1.f(x)+f(2−x)=u+1u​+u+11​=1.

So the key identity is: f(x)+f(2−x)=1.\boxed{f(x)+f(2-x)=1}.f(x)+f(2−x)=1​.

  1. Now look at the terms of the series: 120,220,320,…,3920.\frac1{20},\frac2{20},\frac3{20},\dots,\frac{39}{20}.201​,202​,203​,…,2039​. There are 393939 terms.

Pair them as: f(120)+f(2−120)=f(120)+f(3920)=1,f\left(\frac1{20}\right)+f\left(2-\frac1{20}\right)=f\left(\frac1{20}\right)+f\left(\frac{39}{20}\right)=1,f(201​)+f(2−201​)=f(201​)+f(2039​)=1, f(220)+f(3820)=1,f\left(\frac2{20}\right)+f\left(\frac{38}{20}\right)=1,f(202​)+f(2038​)=1, f(320)+f(3720)=1,f\left(\frac3{20}\right)+f\left(\frac{37}{20}\right)=1,f(203​)+f(2037​)=1, and so on.

Thus the terms pair up to give 111 each.

  1. Since there are 393939 terms, one middle term remains unpaired: 2020=1.\frac{20}{20}=1.2020​=1. So, f(1)=5151+5=510=12.f(1)=\frac{5^1}{5^1+5}=\frac{5}{10}=\frac12.f(1)=51+551​=105​=21​.

The remaining 383838 terms make 191919 pairs, each summing to 111. Therefore, S=19+12=392.S=19+\frac12=\frac{39}{2}.S=19+21​=239​.

  1. Hence the correct option is 392.\boxed{\frac{39}{2}}.239​​.
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