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Functions question

2019 · 10 Apr · Shift 1 · Q32
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Functions question

2019 · 10 Apr · Shift 1 · Q32

JEE MainMathematicsFunctionsMCQ+4 / −1
Let f(x) = ex – x and g(x) = x2 – x, ∀\forall∀ x ∈\in∈ R. Then the set of all x ∈\in∈ R, where the function h(x) = (fog) (x) is increasing, is :
  1. A
    [0, ∞\infty∞)
  2. B
    [−1,−12]∪[12,∞)\left[ { - 1, - {1 \over 2}} \right] \cup \left[ {{1 \over 2},\infty } \right)[−1,−21​]∪[21​,∞)
  3. C
    [−12,0]∪[1,∞)\left[ { - {1 \over 2},0} \right] \cup \left[ {1,\infty } \right)[−21​,0]∪[1,∞)
  4. D
    [0,12]∪[1,∞)\left[ {0,{1 \over 2}} \right] \cup \left[ {1,\infty } \right)[0,21​]∪[1,∞)
View written solutionFree

Correct answer: D

  1. Given functions

We have f(x)=ex−x,g(x)=x2−xf(x)=e^x-x, \qquad g(x)=x^2-xf(x)=ex−x,g(x)=x2−x and h(x)=(f∘g)(x)=f(g(x))=ex2−x−(x2−x).h(x)=(f\circ g)(x)=f(g(x))=e^{x^2-x}-(x^2-x).h(x)=(f∘g)(x)=f(g(x))=ex2−x−(x2−x).

We need the set of all real xxx for which h(x)h(x)h(x) is increasing.


  1. Differentiate using chain rule

Since h(x)=f(g(x)),h(x)=f(g(x)),h(x)=f(g(x)), we get h′(x)=f′(g(x))⋅g′(x).h'(x)=f'(g(x))\cdot g'(x).h′(x)=f′(g(x))⋅g′(x).

Now, f′(x)=ex−1,f'(x)=e^x-1,f′(x)=ex−1, so f′(g(x))=eg(x)−1=ex2−x−1.f'(g(x))=e^{g(x)}-1=e^{x^2-x}-1.f′(g(x))=eg(x)−1=ex2−x−1.

Also, g′(x)=2x−1.g'(x)=2x-1.g′(x)=2x−1.

Hence, h′(x)=(ex2−x−1)(2x−1).h'(x)=(e^{x^2-x}-1)(2x-1).h′(x)=(ex2−x−1)(2x−1).


  1. Find where h′(x)≥0h'(x)\ge 0h′(x)≥0

For h(x)h(x)h(x) to be increasing, we need h′(x)≥0.h'(x)\ge 0.h′(x)≥0. So we analyze the sign of (ex2−x−1)(2x−1).(e^{x^2-x}-1)(2x-1).(ex2−x−1)(2x−1).


  1. Sign of ex2−x−1e^{x^2-x}-1ex2−x−1

Recall:

  • et−1>0e^t-1>0et−1>0 if t>0t>0t>0
  • et−1=0e^t-1=0et−1=0 if t=0t=0t=0
  • et−1<0e^t-1<0et−1<0 if t<0t<0t<0

So the sign depends on x2−x=x(x−1).x^2-x=x(x-1).x2−x=x(x−1).

Now, x2−x≥0  ⟺  x∈(−∞,0]∪[1,∞),x^2-x\ge 0 \iff x\in(-\infty,0]\cup[1,\infty),x2−x≥0⟺x∈(−∞,0]∪[1,∞), x2−x≤0  ⟺  x∈[0,1].x^2-x\le 0 \iff x\in[0,1].x2−x≤0⟺x∈[0,1].

Therefore:

  • for x<0x<0x<0 or x>1x>1x>1, ex2−x−1>0e^{x^2-x}-1>0ex2−x−1>0
  • at x=0,1x=0,1x=0,1, ex2−x−1=0e^{x^2-x}-1=0ex2−x−1=0
  • for 0<x<10<x<10<x<1, ex2−x−1<0e^{x^2-x}-1<0ex2−x−1<0

  1. Sign of 2x−12x-12x−1

2x−1≥0  ⟺  x≥12,2x-1\ge 0 \iff x\ge \frac12,2x−1≥0⟺x≥21​, 2x−1<0  ⟺  x<12.2x-1<0 \iff x<\frac12.2x−1<0⟺x<21​.


  1. Combine signs interval-wise

Critical points are 0,12,10,\frac12,10,21​,1.

We check intervals:

(i) x<0x<0x<0

  • ex2−x−1>0e^{x^2-x}-1>0ex2−x−1>0
  • 2x−1<02x-1<02x−1<0

So h′(x)<0.h'(x)<0.h′(x)<0. Not increasing.

(ii) 0<x<120<x<\frac120<x<21​

  • ex2−x−1<0e^{x^2-x}-1<0ex2−x−1<0
  • 2x−1<02x-1<02x−1<0

So h′(x)>0.h'(x)>0.h′(x)>0. Increasing.

(iii) 12<x<1\frac12<x<121​<x<1

  • ex2−x−1<0e^{x^2-x}-1<0ex2−x−1<0
  • 2x−1>02x-1>02x−1>0

So h′(x)<0.h'(x)<0.h′(x)<0. Not increasing.

(iv) x>1x>1x>1

  • ex2−x−1>0e^{x^2-x}-1>0ex2−x−1>0
  • 2x−1>02x-1>02x−1>0

So h′(x)>0.h'(x)>0.h′(x)>0. Increasing.

At boundary points:

  • x=0x=0x=0: h′(0)=0h'(0)=0h′(0)=0
  • x=12x=\frac12x=21​: h′(12)=0h'\left(\frac12\right)=0h′(21​)=0
  • x=1x=1x=1: h′(1)=0h'(1)=0h′(1)=0

Thus the function is increasing on [0,12]∪[1,∞).\left[0,\frac12\right]\cup[1,\infty).[0,21​]∪[1,∞).


  1. Match with options

This corresponds to:

[0,12]∪[1,∞)\boxed{\left[0,\frac12\right]\cup[1,\infty)}[0,21​]∪[1,∞)​

So the correct option is D.


  1. Comparison with stored answer

Stored correct answer: D

My derived answer: D

They match.

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