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Definite Integration question

2024 · 30 Jan · Shift 1 · Q53
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Definite Integration question

2024 · 30 Jan · Shift 1 · Q53

JEE MainMathematicsDefinite IntegrationNumerical+4 / −1
The value of 9∫09[10xx+1]dx9 \int\limits_0^9\left[\sqrt{\frac{10 x}{x+1}}\right] \mathrm{d} x90∫9​[x+110x​​]dx, where [t][t][t] denotes the greatest integer less than or equal to ttt, is
Numerical answer
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Correct answer: 155

  1. We need to evaluate I=9∫09[10xx+1]dx.I=9\int_0^9 \left[\sqrt{\frac{10x}{x+1}}\right]dx.I=9∫09​[x+110x​​]dx. Let f(x)=10xx+1.f(x)=\sqrt{\frac{10x}{x+1}}.f(x)=x+110x​​. Since [ ⋅ ][\,\cdot\,][⋅] is the greatest integer function, we first find where f(x)f(x)f(x) crosses integers.

  2. Note that for x∈[0,9]x\in[0,9]x∈[0,9], 10xx+1<10⇒f(x)<10<4.\frac{10x}{x+1}<10 \quad\Rightarrow\quad f(x)<\sqrt{10}<4.x+110x​<10⇒f(x)<10​<4. Also f(0)=0f(0)=0f(0)=0 and f(x)f(x)f(x) is increasing on [0,9][0,9][0,9] because 10xx+1\dfrac{10x}{x+1}x+110x​ is increasing.

So [f(x)][f(x)][f(x)] can only take values 0,1,2,30,1,2,30,1,2,3.

  1. Find the intervals where these values occur by solving n≤f(x)<n+1.n\le f(x)<n+1.n≤f(x)<n+1. Equivalently, solve the thresholds f(x)=1,2,3f(x)=1,2,3f(x)=1,2,3.

Since f(x)2=10xx+1,f(x)^2=\frac{10x}{x+1},f(x)2=x+110x​, we solve:

  • For f(x)=1f(x)=1f(x)=1: 10xx+1=1  ⟹  10x=x+1  ⟹  9x=1  ⟹  x=19.\frac{10x}{x+1}=1\implies 10x=x+1\implies 9x=1\implies x=\frac19.x+110x​=1⟹10x=x+1⟹9x=1⟹x=91​.

  • For f(x)=2f(x)=2f(x)=2: 10xx+1=4  ⟹  10x=4x+4  ⟹  6x=4  ⟹  x=23.\frac{10x}{x+1}=4\implies 10x=4x+4\implies 6x=4\implies x=\frac23.x+110x​=4⟹10x=4x+4⟹6x=4⟹x=32​.

  • For f(x)=3f(x)=3f(x)=3: 10xx+1=9  ⟹  10x=9x+9  ⟹  x=9.\frac{10x}{x+1}=9\implies 10x=9x+9\implies x=9.x+110x​=9⟹10x=9x+9⟹x=9.

  1. Therefore,
  • [f(x)]=0[f(x)]=0[f(x)]=0 for 0≤x<190\le x<\frac190≤x<91​,
  • [f(x)]=1[f(x)]=1[f(x)]=1 for 19≤x<23\frac19\le x<\frac2391​≤x<32​,
  • [f(x)]=2[f(x)]=2[f(x)]=2 for 23≤x<9\frac23\le x<932​≤x<9,
  • At x=9x=9x=9, f(9)=3f(9)=3f(9)=3, but a single point does not affect the integral.

So ∫09[f(x)]dx=∫01/90 dx+∫1/92/31 dx+∫2/392 dx.\int_0^9 [f(x)]dx=\int_0^{1/9}0\,dx+\int_{1/9}^{2/3}1\,dx+\int_{2/3}^{9}2\,dx.∫09​[f(x)]dx=∫01/9​0dx+∫1/92/3​1dx+∫2/39​2dx.

  1. Compute: ∫1/92/31 dx=23−19=6−19=59,\int_{1/9}^{2/3}1\,dx=\frac23-\frac19=\frac{6-1}{9}=\frac59,∫1/92/3​1dx=32​−91​=96−1​=95​, ∫2/392 dx=2(9−23)=2⋅253=503.\int_{2/3}^{9}2\,dx=2\left(9-\frac23\right)=2\cdot\frac{25}{3}=\frac{50}{3}.∫2/39​2dx=2(9−32​)=2⋅325​=350​. Hence ∫09[f(x)]dx=59+503=59+1509=1559.\int_0^9 [f(x)]dx=\frac59+\frac{50}{3}=\frac59+\frac{150}{9}=\frac{155}{9}.∫09​[f(x)]dx=95​+350​=95​+9150​=9155​.

Therefore, I=9⋅1559=155.I=9\cdot \frac{155}{9}=155.I=9⋅9155​=155.

  1. Final answer: 155\boxed{155}155​

Comparison with stored correct answer: the derived answer is 155155155, which matches the stored correct answer.

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