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Definite Integration question

2022 · 24 Jun · Shift 2 · Q27
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  5. /2022 · 24 Jun · Shift 2 · Q27

Definite Integration question

2022 · 24 Jun · Shift 2 · Q27

JEE MainMathematicsDefinite IntegrationMCQ+4 / −1
The value of the integral ∫−π/2π/2dx(1+ex)(sin⁡6x+cos⁡6x)\int\limits_{ - \pi /2}^{\pi /2} {{{dx} \over {(1 + {e^x})({{\sin }^6}x + {{\cos }^6}x)}}}−π/2∫π/2​(1+ex)(sin6x+cos6x)dx​ is equal to
  1. A
    2 π\piπ
  2. B
    0
  3. C
    π\piπ
  4. D
    π2{\pi \over 2}2π​
View written solutionFree

Correct answer: C

  1. Let I=∫−π/2π/2dx(1+ex)(sin⁡6x+cos⁡6x).I=\int_{-\pi/2}^{\pi/2}\frac{dx}{(1+e^x)(\sin^6 x+\cos^6 x)}.I=∫−π/2π/2​(1+ex)(sin6x+cos6x)dx​.

We will use the standard symmetry property on [−a,a][-a,a][−a,a]: ∫−aaf(x) dx=∫−aaf(−x) dx,\int_{-a}^{a} f(x)\,dx=\int_{-a}^{a} f(-x)\,dx,∫−aa​f(x)dx=∫−aa​f(−x)dx, so that 2I=∫−π/2π/2(f(x)+f(−x))dx,2I=\int_{-\pi/2}^{\pi/2}\big(f(x)+f(-x)\big)dx,2I=∫−π/2π/2​(f(x)+f(−x))dx, where f(x)=1(1+ex)(sin⁡6x+cos⁡6x).f(x)=\frac{1}{(1+e^x)(\sin^6 x+\cos^6 x)}.f(x)=(1+ex)(sin6x+cos6x)1​.

  1. Compute f(−x)f(-x)f(−x). Using e−x=1ex,sin⁡(−x)=−sin⁡x,cos⁡(−x)=cos⁡x,e^{-x}=\frac1{e^x},\qquad \sin(-x)=-\sin x,\qquad \cos(-x)=\cos x,e−x=ex1​,sin(−x)=−sinx,cos(−x)=cosx, and since powers are even, sin⁡6(−x)+cos⁡6(−x)=sin⁡6x+cos⁡6x.\sin^6(-x)+\cos^6(-x)=\sin^6 x+\cos^6 x.sin6(−x)+cos6(−x)=sin6x+cos6x. Therefore,

Now, 11+e−x=ex1+ex.\frac{1}{1+e^{-x}}=\frac{e^x}{1+e^x}.1+e−x1​=1+exex​. So, f(−x)=ex(1+ex)(sin⁡6x+cos⁡6x).f(-x)=\frac{e^x}{(1+e^x)(\sin^6 x+\cos^6 x)}.f(−x)=(1+ex)(sin6x+cos6x)ex​.

  1. Add f(x)f(x)f(x) and f(−x)f(-x)f(−x): f(x)+f(−x)=1(1+ex)(sin⁡6x+cos⁡6x)+ex(1+ex)(sin⁡6x+cos⁡6x).f(x)+f(-x)=\frac{1}{(1+e^x)(\sin^6 x+\cos^6 x)}+\frac{e^x}{(1+e^x)(\sin^6 x+\cos^6 x)}.f(x)+f(−x)=(1+ex)(sin6x+cos6x)1​+(1+ex)(sin6x+cos6x)ex​. Hence, f(x)+f(−x)=1+ex(1+ex)(sin⁡6x+cos⁡6x)=1sin⁡6x+cos⁡6x.f(x)+f(-x)=\frac{1+e^x}{(1+e^x)(\sin^6 x+\cos^6 x)}=\frac{1}{\sin^6 x+\cos^6 x}.f(x)+f(−x)=(1+ex)(sin6x+cos6x)1+ex​=sin6x+cos6x1​. Thus, 2I=∫−π/2π/2dxsin⁡6x+cos⁡6x.2I=\int_{-\pi/2}^{\pi/2}\frac{dx}{\sin^6 x+\cos^6 x}.2I=∫−π/2π/2​sin6x+cos6xdx​. So, I=12∫−π/2π/2dxsin⁡6x+cos⁡6x.I=\frac12\int_{-\pi/2}^{\pi/2}\frac{dx}{\sin^6 x+\cos^6 x}.I=21​∫−π/2π/2​sin6x+cos6xdx​.

  2. Simplify sin⁡6x+cos⁡6x\sin^6 x+\cos^6 xsin6x+cos6x. Use a3+b3=(a+b)3−3ab(a+b).a^3+b^3=(a+b)^3-3ab(a+b).a3+b3=(a+b)3−3ab(a+b). Taking a=sin⁡2xa=\sin^2 xa=sin2x, b=cos⁡2xb=\cos^2 xb=cos2x, sin⁡6x+cos⁡6x=(sin⁡2x)3+(cos⁡2x)3.\sin^6 x+\cos^6 x=(\sin^2 x)^3+(\cos^2 x)^3.sin6x+cos6x=(sin2x)3+(cos2x)3. Since sin⁡2x+cos⁡2x=1,\sin^2 x+\cos^2 x=1,sin2x+cos2x=1, we get sin⁡6x+cos⁡6x=1−3sin⁡2xcos⁡2x.\sin^6 x+\cos^6 x=1-3\sin^2 x\cos^2 x.sin6x+cos6x=1−3sin2xcos2x. Also, sin⁡2xcos⁡2x=14sin⁡22x.\sin^2 x\cos^2 x=\frac14\sin^2 2x.sin2xcos2x=41​sin22x. Therefore,

So, 2I=∫−π/2π/2dx1−34sin⁡22x.2I=\int_{-\pi/2}^{\pi/2}\frac{dx}{1-\frac34\sin^2 2x}.2I=∫−π/2π/2​1−43​sin22xdx​.

  1. Use symmetry again. The integrand is even, so 2I=2∫0π/2dx1−34sin⁡22x.2I=2\int_0^{\pi/2}\frac{dx}{1-\frac34\sin^2 2x}.2I=2∫0π/2​1−43​sin22xdx​. Hence, I=∫0π/2dx1−34sin⁡22x.I=\int_0^{\pi/2}\frac{dx}{1-\frac34\sin^2 2x}.I=∫0π/2​1−43​sin22xdx​. Now substitute t=2x⇒dt=2dx,dx=dt2.t=2x\quad\Rightarrow\quad dt=2dx,\quad dx=\frac{dt}{2}.t=2x⇒dt=2dx,dx=2dt​. As x:0→π/2x:0\to \pi/2x:0→π/2, we have t:0→πt:0\to \pit:0→π. Thus, I=12∫0πdt1−34sin⁡2t.I=\frac12\int_0^{\pi}\frac{dt}{1-\frac34\sin^2 t}.I=21​∫0π​1−43​sin2tdt​. Using symmetry about π/2\pi/2π/2, ∫0πdt1−34sin⁡2t=2∫0π/2dt1−34sin⁡2t.\int_0^{\pi}\frac{dt}{1-\frac34\sin^2 t}=2\int_0^{\pi/2}\frac{dt}{1-\frac34\sin^2 t}.∫0π​1−43​sin2tdt​=2∫0π/2​1−43​sin2tdt​. Therefore, I=∫0π/2dt1−34sin⁡2t.I=\int_0^{\pi/2}\frac{dt}{1-\frac34\sin^2 t}.I=∫0π/2​1−43​sin2tdt​.

  2. Use the standard result ∫0π/2dθ1−msin⁡2θ=π21−m,(m<1).\int_0^{\pi/2}\frac{d\theta}{1-m\sin^2\theta}=\frac{\pi}{2\sqrt{1-m}},\qquad (m<1).∫0π/2​1−msin2θdθ​=21−m​π​,(m<1). Here m=34m=\frac34m=43​. So, I=π21−3/4=π21/4=π2⋅1/2=π.I=\frac{\pi}{2\sqrt{1-3/4}}=\frac{\pi}{2\sqrt{1/4}}=\frac{\pi}{2\cdot 1/2}=\pi.I=21−3/4​π​=21/4​π​=2⋅1/2π​=π.

  3. Compare with options:

  • A: 2π2\pi2π
  • B: 000
  • C: π\piπ
  • D: π2\frac{\pi}{2}2π​

Hence the correct option is C (π).\boxed{\text{C }(\pi)}.C (π)​.

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