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Definite Integration question

2019 · 8 Apr · Shift 2 · Q28
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Definite Integration question

2019 · 8 Apr · Shift 2 · Q28

JEE MainMathematicsDefinite IntegrationMCQ+4 / −1
Let f(x)=∫0xg(t)dtf(x) = \int\limits_0^x {g(t)dt}f(x)=0∫x​g(t)dt where g is a non-zero even function. If ƒ(x + 5) = g(x), then ∫0xf(t)dt\int\limits_0^x {f(t)dt}0∫x​f(t)dt equals-
  1. A
    5 ∫x+55g(t)dt\int\limits_{x + 5}^5 {g(t)dt}x+5∫5​g(t)dt
  2. B
    ∫x+55g(t)dt\int\limits_{x + 5}^5 {g(t)dt}x+5∫5​g(t)dt
  3. C
    ∫5x+5g(t)dt\int\limits_{5}^{x+5} {g(t)dt}5∫x+5​g(t)dt
  4. D
    2 ∫5x+5g(t)dt\int\limits_{5}^{x+5} {g(t)dt}5∫x+5​g(t)dt
View written solutionFree

Correct answer: B

  1. Given data

    f(x)=∫0xg(t) dtf(x)=\int_0^x g(t)\,dtf(x)=∫0x​g(t)dt and ggg is a non-zero even function, so g(−x)=g(x).g(-x)=g(x).g(−x)=g(x).

    Also, f(x+5)=g(x).f(x+5)=g(x).f(x+5)=g(x).

  2. Use parity of ggg to find parity of fff

    Since ggg is even, f(−x)=∫0−xg(t) dt.f(-x)=\int_0^{-x} g(t)\,dt.f(−x)=∫0−x​g(t)dt.

    Put t=−ut=-ut=−u, then dt=−dudt=-dudt=−du: f(−x)=∫0xg(−u)(−du)=−∫0xg(u) du=−f(x).f(-x)=\int_0^x g(-u)(-du)= -\int_0^x g(u)\,du = -f(x).f(−x)=∫0x​g(−u)(−du)=−∫0x​g(u)du=−f(x).

    Hence, fff is an odd function.

  3. Relate ggg and fff using the given condition

    Given f(x+5)=g(x).f(x+5)=g(x).f(x+5)=g(x).

    Replace xxx by t−5t-5t−5: f(t)=g(t−5).f(t)=g(t-5).f(t)=g(t−5).

    Therefore, ∫0xf(t) dt=∫0xg(t−5) dt.\int_0^x f(t)\,dt = \int_0^x g(t-5)\,dt.∫0x​f(t)dt=∫0x​g(t−5)dt.

  4. Change variable in the integral

    Let u=t−5  ⟹  du=dt.u=t-5 \implies du=dt.u=t−5⟹du=dt.

    When t=0t=0t=0, u=−5u=-5u=−5. When t=xt=xt=x, u=x−5u=x-5u=x−5.

    So, ∫0xf(t) dt=∫−5x−5g(u) du.\int_0^x f(t)\,dt = \int_{-5}^{x-5} g(u)\,du.∫0x​f(t)dt=∫−5x−5​g(u)du.

  5. Use the fact that ggg is even

    Since ggg is even, ∫−5x−5g(u) du=∫0x−5g(u) du+∫−50g(u) du.\int_{-5}^{x-5} g(u)\,du = \int_0^{x-5} g(u)\,du + \int_{-5}^0 g(u)\,du.∫−5x−5​g(u)du=∫0x−5​g(u)du+∫−50​g(u)du.

    Now, ∫−50g(u) du=∫05g(u) du\int_{-5}^0 g(u)\,du = \int_0^5 g(u)\,du∫−50​g(u)du=∫05​g(u)du because ggg is even.

    Hence,

    This is not yet in the options. So let us use the oddness of fff more directly.

  6. Better approach using oddness of fff

    Since fff is odd, f(x+5)=g(x)f(x+5)=g(x)f(x+5)=g(x) implies f(−(x+5))=−f(x+5)=−g(x).f(-(x+5))=-f(x+5)=-g(x).f(−(x+5))=−f(x+5)=−g(x).

    But f(−(x+5))=f(−x−5)=g(−x−10)?f(-(x+5))=f(-x-5)=g(-x-10)?f(−(x+5))=f(−x−5)=g(−x−10)? This does not directly help. Instead, integrate the given relation carefully.

  7. Express f(t)f(t)f(t) from the given relation

    From f(x+5)=g(x),f(x+5)=g(x),f(x+5)=g(x), set x=t−5x=t-5x=t−5: f(t)=g(t−5).f(t)=g(t-5).f(t)=g(t−5).

    Therefore, ∫0xf(t)dt=∫0xg(t−5)dt=∫−5x−5g(u)du.\int_0^x f(t)dt = \int_0^x g(t-5)dt = \int_{-5}^{x-5} g(u)du.∫0x​f(t)dt=∫0x​g(t−5)dt=∫−5x−5​g(u)du.

    Now compare with option B: ∫x+55g(t)dt=−∫5x+5g(t)dt.\int_{x+5}^{5} g(t)dt = -\int_5^{x+5} g(t)dt.∫x+55​g(t)dt=−∫5x+5​g(t)dt.

    Let t=u+10t=u+10t=u+10? That is not generally equal. So we should derive from the given relation another way.

  8. Differentiate the given relation

    Since f(x)=∫0xg(t)dt,f(x)=\int_0^x g(t)dt,f(x)=∫0x​g(t)dt, by FTC, f′(x)=g(x).f'(x)=g(x).f′(x)=g(x).

    Given also, f(x+5)=g(x).f(x+5)=g(x).f(x+5)=g(x).

    Therefore, f(x+5)=f′(x).f(x+5)=f'(x).f(x+5)=f′(x).

    Replace xxx by ttt: f(t+5)=f′(t).f(t+5)=f'(t).f(t+5)=f′(t).

  9. Integrate this relation from 000 to xxx

    ∫0xf(t+5)dt=∫0xf′(t)dt=f(x)−f(0).\int_0^x f(t+5)dt = \int_0^x f'(t)dt = f(x)-f(0).∫0x​f(t+5)dt=∫0x​f′(t)dt=f(x)−f(0).

    Since f(0)=∫00g(t)dt=0,f(0)=\int_0^0 g(t)dt=0,f(0)=∫00​g(t)dt=0, we get ∫0xf(t+5)dt=f(x).\int_0^x f(t+5)dt=f(x).∫0x​f(t+5)dt=f(x).

    Let u=t+5u=t+5u=t+5, then ∫5x+5f(u)du=f(x).\int_5^{x+5} f(u)du=f(x).∫5x+5​f(u)du=f(x).

    Since f(x)=∫0xg(t)dtf(x)=\int_0^x g(t)dtf(x)=∫0x​g(t)dt, this still does not directly match the target. Instead, integrate f′(t)=f(t+5)f'(t)=f(t+5)f′(t)=f(t+5) from −5-5−5 to x−5x-5x−5:

    ∫−5x−5f′(t)dt=∫−5x−5f(t+5)dt.\int_{-5}^{x-5} f'(t)dt = \int_{-5}^{x-5} f(t+5)dt.∫−5x−5​f′(t)dt=∫−5x−5​f(t+5)dt.

    So, f(x−5)−f(−5)=∫0xf(u)du.f(x-5)-f(-5)=\int_0^x f(u)du.f(x−5)−f(−5)=∫0x​f(u)du.

  10. Use oddness of fff and given relation

Since fff is odd, f(−5)=−f(5).f(-5)=-f(5).f(−5)=−f(5).

Also from f(x+5)=g(x)f(x+5)=g(x)f(x+5)=g(x), putting x=0x=0x=0 gives f(5)=g(0).f(5)=g(0).f(5)=g(0).

And f(x−5)=g(x−10).f(x-5)=g(x-10).f(x−5)=g(x−10).

This again does not seem to simplify to the options directly. So let us derive using the relation f′(x)=f(x+5)f'(x)=f(x+5)f′(x)=f(x+5) in a cleaner way.

  1. Observe a key identity

We want I(x)=∫0xf(t)dt.I(x)=\int_0^x f(t)dt.I(x)=∫0x​f(t)dt.

Differentiate option B candidate: J(x)=∫x+55g(t)dt.J(x)=\int_{x+5}^{5} g(t)dt.J(x)=∫x+55​g(t)dt.

Then by Leibniz rule, J′(x)=−g(x+5).J'(x)=-g(x+5).J′(x)=−g(x+5).

Since ggg is even, J′(x)=−g(x+5)=−g(−(x+5))=−g(−x−5).J'(x)=-g(x+5)= -g(-(x+5))=-g(-x-5).J′(x)=−g(x+5)=−g(−(x+5))=−g(−x−5).

But using g(y)=f(y+5)g(y)=f(y+5)g(y)=f(y+5), g(−x−5)=f(−x)=−f(x),g(-x-5)=f(-x)= -f(x),g(−x−5)=f(−x)=−f(x), because fff is odd.

Hence, J′(x)=−(−f(x))=f(x).J'(x)=-(-f(x))=f(x).J′(x)=−(−f(x))=f(x).

Also, J(0)=∫55g(t)dt=0,J(0)=\int_5^5 g(t)dt=0,J(0)=∫55​g(t)dt=0, and I(0)=∫00f(t)dt=0.I(0)=\int_0^0 f(t)dt=0.I(0)=∫00​f(t)dt=0.

Since both III and JJJ have the same derivative and same value at x=0x=0x=0, I(x)=J(x).I(x)=J(x).I(x)=J(x).

Therefore, ∫0xf(t)dt=∫x+55g(t)dt.\int_0^x f(t)dt = \int_{x+5}^{5} g(t)dt.∫0x​f(t)dt=∫x+55​g(t)dt.

  1. Correct option

∫0xf(t)dt=∫x+55g(t)dt\boxed{\int_0^x f(t)dt = \int_{x+5}^{5} g(t)dt}∫0x​f(t)dt=∫x+55​g(t)dt​

So the correct answer is Option B.

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