-
Given data
f(x)=∫0xg(t)dt
and g is a non-zero even function, so
g(−x)=g(x).
Also,
f(x+5)=g(x).
-
Use parity of g to find parity of f
Since g is even,
f(−x)=∫0−xg(t)dt.
Put t=−u, then dt=−du:
f(−x)=∫0xg(−u)(−du)=−∫0xg(u)du=−f(x).
Hence, f is an odd function.
-
Relate g and f using the given condition
Given
f(x+5)=g(x).
Replace x by t−5:
f(t)=g(t−5).
Therefore,
∫0xf(t)dt=∫0xg(t−5)dt.
-
Change variable in the integral
Let
u=t−5⟹du=dt.
When t=0, u=−5.
When t=x, u=x−5.
So,
∫0xf(t)dt=∫−5x−5g(u)du.
-
Use the fact that g is even
Since g is even,
∫−5x−5g(u)du=∫0x−5g(u)du+∫−50g(u)du.
Now,
∫−50g(u)du=∫05g(u)du
because g is even.
Hence,
This is not yet in the options. So let us use the oddness of f more directly.
-
Better approach using oddness of f
Since f is odd,
f(x+5)=g(x)
implies
f(−(x+5))=−f(x+5)=−g(x).
But
f(−(x+5))=f(−x−5)=g(−x−10)?
This does not directly help. Instead, integrate the given relation carefully.
-
Express f(t) from the given relation
From
f(x+5)=g(x),
set x=t−5:
f(t)=g(t−5).
Therefore,
∫0xf(t)dt=∫0xg(t−5)dt=∫−5x−5g(u)du.
Now compare with option B:
∫x+55g(t)dt=−∫5x+5g(t)dt.
Let t=u+10? That is not generally equal. So we should derive from the given relation another way.
-
Differentiate the given relation
Since
f(x)=∫0xg(t)dt,
by FTC,
f′(x)=g(x).
Given also,
f(x+5)=g(x).
Therefore,
f(x+5)=f′(x).
Replace x by t:
f(t+5)=f′(t).
-
Integrate this relation from 0 to x
∫0xf(t+5)dt=∫0xf′(t)dt=f(x)−f(0).
Since
f(0)=∫00g(t)dt=0,
we get
∫0xf(t+5)dt=f(x).
Let u=t+5, then
∫5x+5f(u)du=f(x).
Since f(x)=∫0xg(t)dt, this still does not directly match the target. Instead, integrate f′(t)=f(t+5) from −5 to x−5:
∫−5x−5f′(t)dt=∫−5x−5f(t+5)dt.
So,
f(x−5)−f(−5)=∫0xf(u)du.
-
Use oddness of f and given relation
Since f is odd,
f(−5)=−f(5).
Also from f(x+5)=g(x),
putting x=0 gives
f(5)=g(0).
And
f(x−5)=g(x−10).
This again does not seem to simplify to the options directly. So let us derive using the relation f′(x)=f(x+5) in a cleaner way.
- Observe a key identity
We want
I(x)=∫0xf(t)dt.
Differentiate option B candidate:
J(x)=∫x+55g(t)dt.
Then by Leibniz rule,
J′(x)=−g(x+5).
Since g is even,
J′(x)=−g(x+5)=−g(−(x+5))=−g(−x−5).
But using g(y)=f(y+5),
g(−x−5)=f(−x)=−f(x),
because f is odd.
Hence,
J′(x)=−(−f(x))=f(x).
Also,
J(0)=∫55g(t)dt=0,
and
I(0)=∫00f(t)dt=0.
Since both I and J have the same derivative and same value at x=0,
I(x)=J(x).
Therefore,
∫0xf(t)dt=∫x+55g(t)dt.
- Correct option
∫0xf(t)dt=∫x+55g(t)dt
So the correct answer is Option B.