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Complex Numbers question

2023 · 15 Apr · Shift 1 · Q37
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Complex Numbers question

2023 · 15 Apr · Shift 1 · Q37

JEE MainMathematicsComplex NumbersMCQ+4 / −1
If the set {Re⁡(z−zˉ+zzˉ2−3z+5zˉ):z∈C,Re⁡(z)=3}\left\{\operatorname{Re}\left(\frac{z-\bar{z}+z \bar{z}}{2-3 z+5 \bar{z}}\right): z \in \mathbb{C}, \operatorname{Re}(z)=3\right\}{Re(2−3z+5zˉz−zˉ+zzˉ​):z∈C,Re(z)=3} is equal to the interval (α,β](\alpha, \beta](α,β], then 24(β−α)24(\beta-\alpha)24(β−α) is equal to :
  1. A
    36
  2. B
    27
  3. C
    42
  4. D
    30
View written solutionFree

Correct answer: D

Let z=x+iy, zˉ=x−iyz=x+iy,\,\bar z=x-iyz=x+iy,zˉ=x−iy and we are given Re⁡(z)=3  ⟹  x=3.\operatorname{Re}(z)=3\implies x=3.Re(z)=3⟹x=3. So write z=3+iy,zˉ=3−iy,y∈R.z=3+iy,\qquad \bar z=3-iy,\qquad y\in\mathbb R.z=3+iy,zˉ=3−iy,y∈R.

We need the set {Re⁡(z−zˉ+zzˉ2−3z+5zˉ):Re⁡(z)=3}.\left\{\operatorname{Re}\left(\frac{z-\bar z+z\bar z}{2-3z+5\bar z}\right):\operatorname{Re}(z)=3\right\}.{Re(2−3z+5zˉz−zˉ+zzˉ​):Re(z)=3}.


1. Simplify numerator and denominator

Numerator

z−zˉ=(3+iy)−(3−iy)=2iyz-\bar z=(3+iy)-(3-iy)=2iyz−zˉ=(3+iy)−(3−iy)=2iy and zzˉ=(3+iy)(3−iy)=9+y2.z\bar z=(3+iy)(3-iy)=9+y^2.zzˉ=(3+iy)(3−iy)=9+y2. Hence z−zˉ+zzˉ=9+y2+2iy.z-\bar z+z\bar z=9+y^2+2iy.z−zˉ+zzˉ=9+y2+2iy.

Denominator

2−3z+5zˉ=2−3(3+iy)+5(3−iy).2-3z+5\bar z=2-3(3+iy)+5(3-iy).2−3z+5zˉ=2−3(3+iy)+5(3−iy). Now, 2−9−3iy+15−5iy=8−8iy=8(1−iy).2-9-3iy+15-5iy=8-8iy=8(1-iy).2−9−3iy+15−5iy=8−8iy=8(1−iy).

Thus the expression becomes 9+y2+2iy8(1−iy).\frac{9+y^2+2iy}{8(1-iy)}.8(1−iy)9+y2+2iy​.

We need its real part.


2. Compute the real part

Let w=9+y2+2iy8(1−iy)=18⋅9+y2+2iy1−iy.w=\frac{9+y^2+2iy}{8(1-iy)}=\frac{1}{8}\cdot \frac{9+y^2+2iy}{1-iy}.w=8(1−iy)9+y2+2iy​=81​⋅1−iy9+y2+2iy​. Multiply numerator and denominator by the conjugate 1+iy1+iy1+iy: w=18⋅(9+y2+2iy)(1+iy)1+y2.w=\frac{1}{8}\cdot \frac{(9+y^2+2iy)(1+iy)}{1+y^2}.w=81​⋅1+y2(9+y2+2iy)(1+iy)​.

Now expand the numerator: [ (9+y^2+2iy)(1+iy) =(9+y^2)+i y(9+y^2)+2iy+2i^2y^2. ] Since i2=−1i^2=-1i2=−1, [ =(9+y^2)-2y^2+i\big(y(9+y^2)+2y\big) =(9-y^2)+i(y^3+11y). ] Therefore, w=18⋅(9−y2)+i(y3+11y)1+y2.w=\frac{1}{8}\cdot \frac{(9-y^2)+i(y^3+11y)}{1+y^2}.w=81​⋅1+y2(9−y2)+i(y3+11y)​. So Re⁡(w)=18⋅9−y21+y2.\operatorname{Re}(w)=\frac{1}{8}\cdot \frac{9-y^2}{1+y^2}.Re(w)=81​⋅1+y29−y2​.

Hence the required set is the range of f(y)=9−y28(1+y2),y∈R.f(y)=\frac{9-y^2}{8(1+y^2)},\qquad y\in\mathbb R.f(y)=8(1+y2)9−y2​,y∈R.


3. Find the range of f(y)f(y)f(y)

Put t=y2≥0.t=y^2\ge 0.t=y2≥0. Then f(y)=9−t8(1+t)=:g(t),t≥0.f(y)=\frac{9-t}{8(1+t)}=:g(t),\qquad t\ge 0.f(y)=8(1+t)9−t​=:g(t),t≥0.

Now check monotonicity: g′(t)=−(1+t)−(9−t)8(1+t)2=−108(1+t)2<0.g'(t)=\frac{-(1+t)-(9-t)}{8(1+t)^2}=\frac{-10}{8(1+t)^2}<0.g′(t)=8(1+t)2−(1+t)−(9−t)​=8(1+t)2−10​<0. So g(t)g(t)g(t) is strictly decreasing for t≥0t\ge 0t≥0.

Therefore:

  • maximum occurs at t=0t=0t=0,
  • minimum is approached as t→∞t\to\inftyt→∞.

Maximum

g(0)=98.g(0)=\frac{9}{8}.g(0)=89​. So the right endpoint is included.

Lower limit

lim⁡t→∞9−t8(1+t)=−18.\lim_{t\to\infty} \frac{9-t}{8(1+t)}=-\frac{1}{8}.limt→∞​8(1+t)9−t​=−81​. This value is not attained for any finite ttt, so the left endpoint is open.

Thus the set is (−18,98].\left(-\frac18,\frac98\right].(−81​,89​]. Hence α=−18,β=98.\alpha=-\frac18,\qquad \beta=\frac98.α=−81​,β=89​.


4. Compute 24(β−α)24(\beta-\alpha)24(β−α)

β−α=98−(−18)=108=54.\beta-\alpha=\frac98-\left(-\frac18\right)=\frac{10}{8}=\frac54.β−α=89​−(−81​)=810​=45​. Therefore, 24(β−α)=24⋅54=30.24(\beta-\alpha)=24\cdot \frac54=30.24(β−α)=24⋅45​=30.


5. Match with options

The correct option is: D: 30\boxed{\text{D: }30}D: 30​


6. Comparison with stored answer

Stored correct answer: D

Our derived answer is also D. So they agree.

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