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Complex Numbers question

2019 · 9 Jan · Shift 1 · Q41
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Complex Numbers question

2019 · 9 Jan · Shift 1 · Q41

JEE MainMathematicsComplex NumbersMCQ+4 / −1
Let α\alphaα and β\betaβ be two roots of the equation x2 + 2x + 2 = 0 , then α15\alpha ^{15}α15+β15\beta ^{15}β15 is equal to :
  1. A
    -256
  2. B
    512
  3. C
    -512
  4. D
    256
View written solutionFree

Correct answer: A

  1. Find the roots of the quadratic

Given x2+2x+2=0x^2+2x+2=0x2+2x+2=0

Using the quadratic formula, x=−2±4−82=−2±−42=−1±ix=\frac{-2\pm\sqrt{4-8}}{2}=\frac{-2\pm\sqrt{-4}}{2}=-1\pm ix=2−2±4−8​​=2−2±−4​​=−1±i

So the roots are α=−1+i,β=−1−i\alpha=-1+i,\qquad \beta=-1-iα=−1+i,β=−1−i

  1. Write the roots in polar form

For α=−1+i\alpha=-1+iα=−1+i:

  • Modulus: ∣α∣=(−1)2+12=2|\alpha|=\sqrt{(-1)^2+1^2}=\sqrt{2}∣α∣=(−1)2+12​=2​
  • Argument: point (−1,1)(-1,1)(−1,1) lies in quadrant II, so arg⁡(α)=3π4\arg(\alpha)=\frac{3\pi}{4}arg(α)=43π​

Hence, α=2(cos⁡3π4+isin⁡3π4)\alpha=\sqrt{2}\left(\cos\frac{3\pi}{4}+i\sin\frac{3\pi}{4}\right)α=2​(cos43π​+isin43π​)

Similarly, β=2(cos⁡(−3π4)+isin⁡(−3π4))\beta=\sqrt{2}\left(\cos\left(-\frac{3\pi}{4}\right)+i\sin\left(-\frac{3\pi}{4}\right)\right)β=2​(cos(−43π​)+isin(−43π​))

  1. Compute α15\alpha^{15}α15 and β15\beta^{15}β15 using De Moivre’s theorem

α15=(2)15(cos⁡45π4+isin⁡45π4)\alpha^{15}=(\sqrt{2})^{15}\left(\cos\frac{45\pi}{4}+i\sin\frac{45\pi}{4}\right)α15=(2​)15(cos445π​+isin445π​) β15=(2)15(cos⁡(−45π4)+isin⁡(−45π4))\beta^{15}=(\sqrt{2})^{15}\left(\cos\left(-\frac{45\pi}{4}\right)+i\sin\left(-\frac{45\pi}{4}\right)\right)β15=(2​)15(cos(−445π​)+isin(−445π​))

Now, (2)15=215/2=272=1282(\sqrt{2})^{15}=2^{15/2}=2^7\sqrt{2}=128\sqrt{2}(2​)15=215/2=272​=1282​

Also, 45π4=11π+π4\frac{45\pi}{4}=11\pi+\frac{\pi}{4}445π​=11π+4π​ So, cos⁡45π4=cos⁡(11π+π4)=−cos⁡π4=−22\cos\frac{45\pi}{4}=\cos\left(11\pi+\frac{\pi}{4}\right)=-\cos\frac{\pi}{4}=-\frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}cos445π​=cos(11π+4π​)=−cos4π​=−22​​ sin⁡45π4=sin⁡(11π+π4)=−sin⁡π4=−22\sin\frac{45\pi}{4}=\sin\left(11\pi+\frac{\pi}{4}\right)=-\sin\frac{\pi}{4}=-\frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}sin445π​=sin(11π+4π​)=−sin4π​=−22​​

Thus, α15=1282(−22−i22)=128(−1−i)\alpha^{15}=128\sqrt{2}\left(-\frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}-i\frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}\right)=128(-1-i)α15=1282​(−22​​−i22​​)=128(−1−i)

Similarly, β15=128(−1+i)\beta^{15}=128(-1+i)β15=128(−1+i)

  1. Add them

α15+β15=128(−1−i)+128(−1+i)\alpha^{15}+\beta^{15}=128(-1-i)+128(-1+i)α15+β15=128(−1−i)+128(−1+i) =128(−2)=−256=128(-2)=-256=128(−2)=−256

  1. Match with the options

The correct value is −256\boxed{-256}−256​ So the correct option is A.

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