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Application of Derivatives question

2021 · 24 Feb · Shift 2 · Q29
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  5. /2021 · 24 Feb · Shift 2 · Q29

Application of Derivatives question

2021 · 24 Feb · Shift 2 · Q29

JEE MainMathematicsApplication of DerivativesMCQ+4 / −1
Let f:R→Rf:R \to Rf:R→R be defined as f(x)={−55x,if x<−52x3−3x2−120x,if −5≤x≤42x3−3x2−36x−336,if x>4,f(x) = \left\{ {\begin{matrix} { - 55x,} & {if\,x \lt - 5} \\ {2{x^3} - 3{x^2} - 120x,} & {if\, - 5 \le x \le 4} \\ {2{x^3} - 3{x^2} - 36x - 336,} & {if\,x \gt 4,} \\ \end{matrix} } \right.f(x)=⎩⎨⎧​−55x,2x3−3x2−120x,2x3−3x2−36x−336,​ifx<−5if−5≤x≤4ifx>4,​ Let A = {x ∈\in∈ R : f is increasing}. Then A is equal to :
  1. A
    (−5,∞)( - 5,\infty )(−5,∞)
  2. B
    (−∞,−5)∪(4,∞)( - \infty , - 5) \cup (4,\infty )(−∞,−5)∪(4,∞)
  3. C
    (−5,−4)∪(4,∞)( - 5, - 4) \cup (4,\infty )(−5,−4)∪(4,∞)
  4. D
    (−∞,−5)∪(−4,∞)( - \infty , - 5) \cup ( - 4,\infty )(−∞,−5)∪(−4,∞)
View written solutionFree

Correct answer: C

  1. Given piecewise function
f(x)={−55x,x<−52x3−3x2−120x,−5≤x≤42x3−3x2−36x−336,x>4f(x)= \begin{cases} -55x, & x<-5 \\ 2x^3-3x^2-120x, & -5\le x\le 4 \\ 2x^3-3x^2-36x-336, & x>4 \end{cases}f(x)=⎩⎨⎧​−55x,2x3−3x2−120x,2x3−3x2−36x−336,​x<−5−5≤x≤4x>4​

We need the set

A={x∈R:f is increasing at x}.A=\{x\in \mathbb R: f \text{ is increasing at } x\}.A={x∈R:f is increasing at x}.

We check monotonicity on each interval using derivatives.


  1. For x<−5x<-5x<−5

Here,

f(x)=−55xf(x)=-55xf(x)=−55x

So,

f′(x)=−55<0f'(x)=-55<0f′(x)=−55<0

Hence fff is decreasing on (−∞,−5)(-\infty,-5)(−∞,−5).

So no point from this interval belongs to AAA.


  1. For −5≤x≤4-5\le x\le 4−5≤x≤4

Here,

f(x)=2x3−3x2−120xf(x)=2x^3-3x^2-120xf(x)=2x3−3x2−120x

Differentiate:

f′(x)=6x2−6x−120=6(x2−x−20)=6(x−5)(x+4)f'(x)=6x^2-6x-120=6(x^2-x-20)=6(x-5)(x+4)f′(x)=6x2−6x−120=6(x2−x−20)=6(x−5)(x+4)

Now on the interval [−5,4][-5,4][−5,4], the sign depends on (x−5)(x+4)(x-5)(x+4)(x−5)(x+4).

Critical points are x=−4x=-4x=−4 and x=5x=5x=5, but only x=−4x=-4x=−4 lies in [−5,4][-5,4][−5,4].

Sign analysis in [−5,4][-5,4][−5,4]:

  • For −5<x<−4-5<x<-4−5<x<−4: both (x−5)<0(x-5)<0(x−5)<0 and (x+4)<0(x+4)<0(x+4)<0, so f′(x)>0f'(x)>0f′(x)>0
  • At x=−4x=-4x=−4: f′(−4)=0f'(-4)=0f′(−4)=0
  • For −4<x<4-4<x<4−4<x<4: (x−5)<0(x-5)<0(x−5)<0, (x+4)>0(x+4)>0(x+4)>0, so f′(x)<0f'(x)<0f′(x)<0

Thus fff is increasing on

(−5,−4)(-5,-4)(−5,−4)


  1. For x>4x>4x>4

Here,

f(x)=2x3−3x2−36x−336f(x)=2x^3-3x^2-36x-336f(x)=2x3−3x2−36x−336

Differentiate:

f′(x)=6x2−6x−36=6(x2−x−6)=6(x−3)(x+2)f'(x)=6x^2-6x-36=6(x^2-x-6)=6(x-3)(x+2)f′(x)=6x2−6x−36=6(x2−x−6)=6(x−3)(x+2)

For x>4x>4x>4, we have:

  • x−3>0x-3>0x−3>0
  • x+2>0x+2>0x+2>0

Hence,

f′(x)>0for all x>4f'(x)>0 \quad \text{for all } x>4f′(x)>0for all x>4

So fff is increasing on

(4,∞)(4,\infty)(4,∞)


  1. Check junction points x=−5x=-5x=−5 and x=4x=4x=4

Since options are given in open intervals, let us see whether endpoints are included in the increasing set.

  • At x=−5x=-5x=−5, the function changes from decreasing on the left to increasing on the right, so x=−5x=-5x=−5 is not included in an interval of increase.
  • At x=4x=4x=4, the function is decreasing just to the left and increasing just to the right, so x=4x=4x=4 is not included either.

Thus,

A=(−5,−4)∪(4,∞)A=(-5,-4)\cup(4,\infty)A=(−5,−4)∪(4,∞)


  1. Compare with options

This matches Option C.

A=(−5,−4)∪(4,∞)\boxed{A=(-5,-4)\cup(4,\infty)}A=(−5,−4)∪(4,∞)​

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