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Application of Derivatives question

2005 · Shift 0 · Q62
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Application of Derivatives question

2005 · Shift 0 · Q62

JEE MainMathematicsApplication of DerivativesMCQ+4 / −1
A function is matched below against an interval where it is supposed to be increasing. Which of the following pairs is incorrectly matched?
  1. A
    Interval Function
    (- ∞\infty∞, ∞\infty∞) x3 - 3x2 + 3x + 3
  2. B
    Interval Function
    [2, ∞\infty∞) 2x3 - 3x2 - 12x + 6
  3. C
    Interval Function
    (−∞,13]\left( { - \infty ,{1 \over 3}} \right](−∞,31​] 3x2 - 2x + 1
  4. D
    Interval Function
    (−∞- \infty−∞, - 4 ) x3 + 6x2 + 6
View written solutionFree

Correct answer: C

We need to check on which interval each function is increasing.

A function is increasing where its derivative is non-negative (and typically positive except possibly at isolated points).


1. Option A

Function: f(x)=x3−3x2+3x+3f(x)=x^3-3x^2+3x+3f(x)=x3−3x2+3x+3

Differentiate: f′(x)=3x2−6x+3=3(x2−2x+1)=3(x−1)2f'(x)=3x^2-6x+3=3(x^2-2x+1)=3(x-1)^2f′(x)=3x2−6x+3=3(x2−2x+1)=3(x−1)2

Since 3(x−1)2≥0for all x∈(−∞,∞),3(x-1)^2\ge 0\quad \text{for all }x\in(-\infty,\infty),3(x−1)2≥0for all x∈(−∞,∞), f(x)f(x)f(x) is increasing on all real numbers.

So A is correctly matched.


2. Option B

Function: f(x)=2x3−3x2−12x+6f(x)=2x^3-3x^2-12x+6f(x)=2x3−3x2−12x+6

Differentiate: f′(x)=6x2−6x−12=6(x2−x−2)=6(x−2)(x+1)f'(x)=6x^2-6x-12=6(x^2-x-2)=6(x-2)(x+1)f′(x)=6x2−6x−12=6(x2−x−2)=6(x−2)(x+1)

For the interval [2,∞)[2,\infty)[2,∞):

  • if x=2x=2x=2, then f′(2)=0f'(2)=0f′(2)=0
  • if x>2x>2x>2, then both (x−2)>0(x-2)>0(x−2)>0 and (x+1)>0(x+1)>0(x+1)>0, so f′(x)>0f'(x)>0f′(x)>0

Hence f(x)f(x)f(x) is increasing on [2,∞)[2,\infty)[2,∞).

So B is correctly matched.


3. Option C

Function: f(x)=3x2−2x+1f(x)=3x^2-2x+1f(x)=3x2−2x+1

Differentiate: f′(x)=6x−2f'(x)=6x-2f′(x)=6x−2

For increasing, we need: 6x−2≥0  ⟹  x≥136x-2\ge 0 \implies x\ge \frac136x−2≥0⟹x≥31​

So the function is increasing on [13,∞)\left[\frac13,\infty\right)[31​,∞)

But the given interval is (−∞,13]\left(-\infty,\frac13\right](−∞,31​] which is actually the interval where the function is decreasing.

So C is incorrectly matched.


4. Option D

Function: f(x)=x3+6x2+6f(x)=x^3+6x^2+6f(x)=x3+6x2+6

Differentiate: f′(x)=3x2+12x=3x(x+4)f'(x)=3x^2+12x=3x(x+4)f′(x)=3x2+12x=3x(x+4)

Now check the interval (−∞,−4)(-\infty,-4)(−∞,−4):

  • for x<−4x<-4x<−4, we have x<0x<0x<0 and x+4<0x+4<0x+4<0
  • so x(x+4)>0x(x+4)>0x(x+4)>0
  • hence f′(x)>0f'(x)>0f′(x)>0

Therefore the function is increasing on (−∞,−4)(-\infty,-4)(−∞,−4).

So D is correctly matched.


Final conclusion

The incorrectly matched pair is: C\boxed{\text{C}}C​

This matches the stored correct answer.

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