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Aldehydes Ketones and Carboxylic Acids question

2024 · 1 Feb · Shift 2 · Q16
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Aldehydes Ketones and Carboxylic Acids question

2024 · 1 Feb · Shift 2 · Q16

JEE MainChemistryAldehydes Ketones and Carboxylic AcidsMCQ+4 / −1
Which among the followng has highest boiling point?
  1. A
    CH3CH2CH2CH2−OH\mathrm{CH}_3 \mathrm{CH}_2 \mathrm{CH}_2 \mathrm{CH}_2-\mathrm{OH}CH3​CH2​CH2​CH2​−OH
  2. B
    CH3CH2CH2CH3\mathrm{CH}_3 \mathrm{CH}_2 \mathrm{CH}_2 \mathrm{CH}_3CH3​CH2​CH2​CH3​
  3. C
    CH3CH2CH2CHO\mathrm{CH}_3 \mathrm{CH}_2 \mathrm{CH}_2 \mathrm{CHO}CH3​CH2​CH2​CHO
  4. D
    H5C2−O−C2H5\mathrm{H}_5 \mathrm{C}_2-\mathrm{O}-\mathrm{C}_2 \mathrm{H}_5H5​C2​−O−C2​H5​
View written solutionFree

Correct answer: A

  1. Identify the compounds
  • A: CH3CH2CH2CH2OH\mathrm{CH_3CH_2CH_2CH_2OH}CH3​CH2​CH2​CH2​OH = 1-butanol (an alcohol)
  • B: CH3CH2CH2CH3\mathrm{CH_3CH_2CH_2CH_3}CH3​CH2​CH2​CH3​ = butane (an alkane)
  • C: CH3CH2CH2CHO\mathrm{CH_3CH_2CH_2CHO}CH3​CH2​CH2​CHO = butanal (an aldehyde)
  • D: C2H5−O−C2H5\mathrm{C_2H_5-O-C_2H_5}C2​H5​−O−C2​H5​ = diethyl ether (an ether)
  1. Compare intermolecular forces

Boiling point mainly depends on the strength of intermolecular forces.

  • Butane (B): only London dispersion forces
  • Diethyl ether (D): dipole-dipole interactions + dispersion forces
  • Butanal (C): stronger dipole-dipole interactions because of polar carbonyl group
  • 1-Butanol (A): hydrogen bonding + dipole-dipole + dispersion forces
  1. Order of intermolecular force strength

Generally,

Hydrogen bonding>dipole-dipole>dispersion forces\text{Hydrogen bonding} > \text{dipole-dipole} > \text{dispersion forces}Hydrogen bonding>dipole-dipole>dispersion forces

Since 1-butanol can form intermolecular hydrogen bonds, it will have the highest boiling point among the given compounds.

  1. Check each option
  • A: Alcohol, strong hydrogen bonding ⇒\Rightarrow⇒ highest b.p.
  • B: Alkane, weakest intermolecular attraction ⇒\Rightarrow⇒ low b.p.
  • C: Aldehyde, polar but no self hydrogen bonding like alcohols ⇒\Rightarrow⇒ lower than alcohol
  • D: Ether, polar but no strong self hydrogen bonding ⇒\Rightarrow⇒ lower than alcohol
  1. Final answer

Therefore, the compound with the highest boiling point is:

CH3CH2CH2CH2OH\boxed{\mathrm{CH_3CH_2CH_2CH_2OH}}CH3​CH2​CH2​CH2​OH​

So, Option A is correct.

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