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Waves question

2010 · Shift 1 · Q80
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Waves question

2010 · Shift 1 · Q80

JEE AdvancedPhysicsWavesNumerical+3 / −1
A stationary source is emitting sound at a fixed frequency f0, which is reflected by two cars approaching the source. The difference between the frequencies of sound reflected from the cars is 1.2% of f0. What is the difference in the speeds of the cars (in km per hour) to the nearest integer? The cars are moving at constant speeds much smaller than the speed of sound which is 330 ms −-− 1.
Numerical answer
View written solutionFree

Correct answer: 7

  1. Frequency reflected from a moving car

When a stationary source emits sound of frequency f0f_0f0​ toward a car approaching it with speed uuu, the car first acts as an observer and then as a moving source after reflection.

So the reflected frequency is

fr=f0(v+uv−u)f_r = f_0\left(\frac{v+u}{v-u}\right)fr​=f0​(v−uv+u​)

where v=330 m s−1v=330\,\text{m s}^{-1}v=330m s−1 is the speed of sound.

  1. For two cars with speeds u1u_1u1​ and u2u_2u2​

The reflected frequencies are

f1=f0(v+u1v−u1),f2=f0(v+u2v−u2)f_1=f_0\left(\frac{v+u_1}{v-u_1}\right), \qquad f_2=f_0\left(\frac{v+u_2}{v-u_2}\right)f1​=f0​(v−u1​v+u1​​),f2​=f0​(v−u2​v+u2​​)

Given that the difference between these reflected frequencies is 1.2%1.2\%1.2% of f0f_0f0​:

∣f1−f2∣=0.012f0|f_1-f_2|=0.012f_0∣f1​−f2​∣=0.012f0​

So,

∣v+u1v−u1−v+u2v−u2∣=0.012\left|\frac{v+u_1}{v-u_1}-\frac{v+u_2}{v-u_2}\right|=0.012​v−u1​v+u1​​−v−u2​v+u2​​​=0.012

  1. Use the approximation u≪vu\ll vu≪v

Since the car speeds are much smaller than the speed of sound,

v+uv−u≈1+2uv\frac{v+u}{v-u} \approx 1+\frac{2u}{v}v−uv+u​≈1+v2u​

Thus,

fr≈f0(1+2uv)f_r \approx f_0\left(1+\frac{2u}{v}\right)fr​≈f0​(1+v2u​)

Hence,

∣f1−f2∣≈f0∣2u1v−2u2v∣=f02∣u1−u2∣v|f_1-f_2| \approx f_0\left|\frac{2u_1}{v}-\frac{2u_2}{v}\right| = f_0\frac{2|u_1-u_2|}{v}∣f1​−f2​∣≈f0​​v2u1​​−v2u2​​​=f0​v2∣u1​−u2​∣​

Given this equals 0.012f00.012f_00.012f0​,

2∣u1−u2∣v=0.012\frac{2|u_1-u_2|}{v}=0.012v2∣u1​−u2​∣​=0.012

∣u1−u2∣=0.012×v2|u_1-u_2|=\frac{0.012\times v}{2}∣u1​−u2​∣=20.012×v​

Substitute v=330 m s−1v=330\,\text{m s}^{-1}v=330m s−1:

∣u1−u2∣=0.012×3302=1.98 m s−1|u_1-u_2|=\frac{0.012\times 330}{2}=1.98\,\text{m s}^{-1}∣u1​−u2​∣=20.012×330​=1.98m s−1

  1. Convert to km/h

1.98×3.6=7.128 km h−11.98\times 3.6 = 7.128\,\text{km h}^{-1}1.98×3.6=7.128km h−1

To the nearest integer,

7\boxed{7}7​

  1. Comparison with stored answer

Derived answer = 777

Stored correct answer = 777

They agree.

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