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Electrostatics question

2020 · Shift 1 · Q54
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Electrostatics question

2020 · Shift 1 · Q54

JEE AdvancedPhysicsElectrostaticsMultiple correct+4 / −2
A uniform electric field, E→=−4003y^\overrightarrow E = - 400\sqrt 3 \widehat yE=−4003​y​ NC−1 is applied in a region. A charged particle of mass m carrying positive charge q is projected in this region with an initial speed of 2 10×\sqrt {10} \times10​× 106 ms−1 . This particle is aimed to hit a target T, which is 5 m away from its entry point into the field as shown schematically in the figure. Take qm{q \over m}mq​ = 1010 Ckg−1 . Then JEE Advanced 2020 Paper 1 Offline Physics - Electrostatics Question 44 English
  1. A
    the particle will hit T if projected at an angle 45o from the horizontal
  2. B
    the particle will hit T if projected either at an angle 30o or 60o from the horizontal
  3. C
    time taken by the particle to hit T could be 56μ\sqrt {{5 \over 6}} \mu65​​μ s as well as 52μ\sqrt {{5 \over 2}} \mu25​​μ s
  4. D
    time taken by the particle to hit T is 53μ\sqrt {{5 \over 3}} \mu35​​μ s
View written solutionFree

Correct answer: B, C

This problem is analogous to projectile motion under gravity. A charged particle moves in a uniform electric field, experiencing a constant force and hence constant acceleration.

Step 1: Analyze the forces and acceleration

  1. The uniform electric field is given by E→=−4003y^\overrightarrow E = - 400\sqrt 3 \widehat yE=−4003​y​ NC⁻¹.
  2. A particle with positive charge q and mass m is placed in this field. The force experienced by the particle is F→=qE→\overrightarrow F = q\overrightarrow EF=qE.
  3. Substituting the value of E→\overrightarrow EE, we get F→=q(−4003y^)=−4003qy^\overrightarrow F = q(- 400\sqrt 3 \widehat y) = -400\sqrt 3 q \widehat yF=q(−4003​y​)=−4003​qy​.
  4. The acceleration of the particle is a→=F→m=−4003qmy^\overrightarrow a = \frac{\overrightarrow F}{m} = \frac{-400\sqrt 3 q}{m} \widehat ya=mF​=m−4003​q​y​.
  5. We are given the charge-to-mass ratio, qm=1010\frac{q}{m} = 10^{10}mq​=1010 Ckg⁻¹.
  6. Substituting this value, the acceleration becomes: a→=−4003(1010)y^=−43×1012y^ ms−2\overrightarrow a = -400\sqrt 3 (10^{10}) \widehat y = -4\sqrt 3 \times 10^{12} \widehat y \text{ ms}^{-2}a=−4003​(1010)y​=−43​×1012y​ ms−2 This is a constant acceleration directed along the negative y-axis. There is no acceleration in the x-direction (ax=0a_x = 0ax​=0). Let the magnitude of the acceleration be ay=43×1012a_y = 4\sqrt 3 \times 10^{12}ay​=43​×1012 ms⁻².

Step 2: Apply equations of projectile motion

  1. The motion can be treated as a projectile launched with initial speed u=210×106u = 2\sqrt{10} \times 10^6u=210​×106 ms⁻¹ at an angle θ\thetaθ with the horizontal (x-axis).
  2. The target T is at a horizontal distance of 5 m from the entry point. The particle starts at (0, 0) and is aimed to hit T at (5, 0). This horizontal distance is the range (R) of the projectile.
  3. The formula for the range of a projectile is R=u2sin⁡(2θ)ayR = \frac{u^2 \sin(2\theta)}{a_y}R=ay​u2sin(2θ)​.
  4. We have:
    • R=5R = 5R=5 m
    • u=210×106u = 2\sqrt{10} \times 10^6u=210​×106 ms⁻¹, so u2=(210×106)2=4×10×1012=40×1012u^2 = (2\sqrt{10} \times 10^6)^2 = 4 \times 10 \times 10^{12} = 40 \times 10^{12}u2=(210​×106)2=4×10×1012=40×1012 (ms⁻¹)²
    • ay=43×1012a_y = 4\sqrt 3 \times 10^{12}ay​=43​×1012 ms⁻²
  5. Substitute these values into the range formula to find the possible projection angle(s) θ\thetaθ: 5=(40×1012)sin⁡(2θ)43×10125 = \frac{(40 \times 10^{12}) \sin(2\theta)}{4\sqrt 3 \times 10^{12}}5=43​×1012(40×1012)sin(2θ)​ 5=10sin⁡(2θ)35 = \frac{10 \sin(2\theta)}{\sqrt 3}5=3​10sin(2θ)​ sin⁡(2θ)=5310=32\sin(2\theta) = \frac{5\sqrt 3}{10} = \frac{\sqrt 3}{2}sin(2θ)=1053​​=23​​
  6. The possible values for 2θ2\theta2θ (for 0<θ<90∘0 < \theta < 90^\circ0<θ<90∘) are 60∘60^\circ60∘ and 120∘120^\circ120∘.
    • 2θ1=60∘  ⟹  θ1=30∘2\theta_1 = 60^\circ \implies \theta_1 = 30^\circ2θ1​=60∘⟹θ1​=30∘
    • 2θ2=120∘  ⟹  θ2=60∘2\theta_2 = 120^\circ \implies \theta_2 = 60^\circ2θ2​=120∘⟹θ2​=60∘

Step 3: Evaluate options A and B

  • Option A: the particle will hit T if projected at an angle 45o from the horizontal. This is incorrect. The required angles are 30° or 60°.
  • Option B: the particle will hit T if projected either at an angle 30o or 60o from the horizontal. This is correct, as derived above.

Step 4: Calculate the time taken to hit the target

  1. The time taken to cover the horizontal distance R is given by t=Rux=Rucos⁡θt = \frac{R}{u_x} = \frac{R}{u \cos\theta}t=ux​R​=ucosθR​.
  2. We have two possible angles, so we will have two possible times of flight.
  • Case 1: θ=30∘\theta = 30^\circθ=30∘ t1=5(210×106)cos⁡(30∘)=5(210×106)(3/2)=530×106 st_1 = \frac{5}{ (2\sqrt{10} \times 10^6) \cos(30^\circ) } = \frac{5}{ (2\sqrt{10} \times 10^6) (\sqrt{3}/2) } = \frac{5}{\sqrt{30} \times 10^6} \text{ s}t1​=(210​×106)cos(30∘)5​=(210​×106)(3​/2)5​=30​×1065​ s t1=53030×106=306×106=5×66×106=56(6)2×10−6=56×10−6 s=56  μst_1 = \frac{5\sqrt{30}}{30 \times 10^6} = \frac{\sqrt{30}}{6 \times 10^6} = \frac{\sqrt{5 \times 6}}{6 \times 10^6} = \frac{\sqrt{5} \sqrt{6}}{(\sqrt{6})^2} \times 10^{-6} = \sqrt{\frac{5}{6}} \times 10^{-6} \text{ s} = \sqrt{\frac{5}{6}} \; \mu\text{s}t1​=30×106530​​=6×10630​​=6×1065×6​​=(6​)25​6​​×10−6=65​​×10−6 s=65​​μs

  • Case 2: θ=60∘\theta = 60^\circθ=60∘ t2=5(210×106)cos⁡(60∘)=5(210×106)(1/2)=510×106 st_2 = \frac{5}{ (2\sqrt{10} \times 10^6) \cos(60^\circ) } = \frac{5}{ (2\sqrt{10} \times 10^6) (1/2) } = \frac{5}{\sqrt{10} \times 10^6} \text{ s}t2​=(210​×106)cos(60∘)5​=(210​×106)(1/2)5​=10​×1065​ s t2=51010×106=102×106=5×22×106=52(2)2×10−6=52×10−6 s=52  μst_2 = \frac{5\sqrt{10}}{10 \times 10^6} = \frac{\sqrt{10}}{2 \times 10^6} = \frac{\sqrt{5 \times 2}}{2 \times 10^6} = \frac{\sqrt{5} \sqrt{2}}{(\sqrt{2})^2} \times 10^{-6} = \sqrt{\frac{5}{2}} \times 10^{-6} \text{ s} = \sqrt{\frac{5}{2}} \; \mu\text{s}t2​=10×106510​​=2×10610​​=2×1065×2​​=(2​)25​2​​×10−6=25​​×10−6 s=25​​μs

Step 5: Evaluate options C and D

  • Option C: timetakenbytheparticletohitTcouldbetime taken by the particle to hit T could be timetakenbytheparticletohitTcouldbe\sqrt {{5 \over 6}} \musaswellass as well assaswellas\sqrt {{5 \over 2}} \mus ss. This is correct, as these are the two possible times corresponding to the two possible projection angles.
  • Option D: timetakenbytheparticletohitTistime taken by the particle to hit T is timetakenbytheparticletohitTis\sqrt {{5 \over 3}} \mus ss. This is incorrect. There are two possible times, and this value matches neither of them.

Conclusion

Based on the analysis, options B and C are the correct statements.

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