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Electrostatics question

2018 · Shift 2 · Q37
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Electrostatics question

2018 · Shift 2 · Q37

JEE AdvancedPhysicsElectrostaticsNumerical+3 / −1
A particle, of mass 10−3kg{10^{ - 3}}kg10−3kg and charge 1.0C,1.0C,1.0C, is initially at rest. At time t=0,t=0,t=0, the particle comes under the influence of an electric field E→(t)=E0sin⁡  \overrightarrow E \left( t \right) = {E_0}\sin \,\,E(t)=E0​sin ωti^,\omega t\widehat i,ωti, where E0=1.0 NC−1{E_0} = 1.0\,N{C^{ - 1}}E0​=1.0NC−1 and ω=103 rad s−1.\omega = 10{}^3\,rad\,{s^{ - 1}}.ω=103rads−1. Consider the effect of only the electrical force on the particle. Then the maximum speed, in ms−1,m{s^{ - 1}},ms−1, attained by the particle at subsequent times is ‾\underline{\hspace{2cm}}​.
Numerical answer
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Correct answer: 2

  1. Given data

    m=10−3 kg,q=1.0 Cm=10^{-3}\,\text{kg}, \qquad q=1.0\,\text{C}m=10−3kg,q=1.0C E⃗(t)=E0sin⁡(ωt) i^\vec E(t)=E_0\sin(\omega t)\,\hat iE(t)=E0​sin(ωt)i^ with E0=1.0 N C−1,ω=103 rad s−1E_0=1.0\,\text{N C}^{-1}, \qquad \omega=10^3\,\text{rad s}^{-1}E0​=1.0N C−1,ω=103rad s−1

  2. Force on the particle

    Since only electric force acts, F⃗=qE⃗=qE0sin⁡(ωt) i^\vec F=q\vec E=qE_0\sin(\omega t)\,\hat iF=qE=qE0​sin(ωt)i^

    Therefore acceleration is a(t)=Fm=qE0msin⁡(ωt)a(t)=\frac{F}{m}=\frac{qE_0}{m}\sin(\omega t)a(t)=mF​=mqE0​​sin(ωt)

  3. Find velocity as a function of time

    We use dvdt=qE0msin⁡(ωt)\frac{dv}{dt}=\frac{qE_0}{m}\sin(\omega t)dtdv​=mqE0​​sin(ωt)

    Integrating from 000 to ttt, and using initial condition v(0)=0v(0)=0v(0)=0:

    v(t)=∫0tqE0msin⁡(ωt′) dt′v(t)=\int_0^t \frac{qE_0}{m}\sin(\omega t')\,dt'v(t)=∫0t​mqE0​​sin(ωt′)dt′

    v(t)=qE0m[1−cos⁡(ωt)ω]v(t)=\frac{qE_0}{m}\left[\frac{1-\cos(\omega t)}{\omega}\right]v(t)=mqE0​​[ω1−cos(ωt)​]

    So, v(t)=qE0mω(1−cos⁡(ωt))v(t)=\frac{qE_0}{m\omega}\bigl(1-\cos(\omega t)\bigr)v(t)=mωqE0​​(1−cos(ωt))

  4. Maximum value of velocity

    Since −1≤cos⁡(ωt)≤1,-1\le \cos(\omega t)\le 1,−1≤cos(ωt)≤1, the quantity 1−cos⁡(ωt)1-\cos(\omega t)1−cos(ωt) varies from 000 to 222.

    Hence maximum speed is vmax⁡=qE0mω×2v_{\max}=\frac{qE_0}{m\omega}\times 2vmax​=mωqE0​​×2

  5. Substitute values

    vmax⁡=2(1)(1)(10−3)(103)v_{\max}=\frac{2(1)(1)}{(10^{-3})(10^3)}vmax​=(10−3)(103)2(1)(1)​

    Since (10−3)(103)=1,(10^{-3})(10^3)=1,(10−3)(103)=1, we get vmax⁡=2 m s−1v_{\max}=2\,\text{m s}^{-1}vmax​=2m s−1

  6. Final answer

    2\boxed{2}2​

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