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Electromagnetic Induction question

2025 · Shift 1 · Q37
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Electromagnetic Induction question

2025 · Shift 1 · Q37

JEE AdvancedPhysicsElectromagnetic InductionMultiple correct+4 / −2
A conducting square loop of side LLL, mass MMM and resistance RRR is moving in the XYX YXY plane with its edges parallel to the XXX and YYY axes. The region y≥0y \geq 0y≥0 has a uniform magnetic field, B⃗=B0k^\vec{B}=B_0 \widehat{k}B=B0​k. The magnetic field is zero everywhere else. At time t=0t=0t=0, the loop starts to enter the magnetic field with an initial velocity v0ȷ^ m/sv_0 \hat{\jmath} \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}v0​^​ m/s, as shown in the figure. Considering the quantity K=B02L2RMK=\frac{B_0^2 L^2}{R M}K=RMB02​L2​ in appropriate units, ignoring self-inductance of the loop and gravity, which of the following statements is/are correct: JEE Advanced 2025 Paper 1 Online Physics - Electromagnetic Induction Question 1 English
  1. A
    If v0=1.5KLv_0 = 1.5KLv0​=1.5KL, the loop will stop before it enters completely inside the region of magnetic field.
  2. B
    When the complete loop is inside the region of magnetic field, the net force acting on the loop is zero.
  3. C
    If v0=KL10v_0 = \frac{KL}{10}v0​=10KL​, the loop comes to rest at t=(1K)ln⁡(52)t = \left(\frac{1}{K}\right) \ln\left(\frac{5}{2}\right)t=(K1​)ln(25​).
  4. D
    If v0=3KLv_0 = 3KLv0​=3KL, the complete loop enters inside the region of magnetic field at time t=(1K)ln⁡(32)t = \left(\frac{1}{K}\right) \ln\left(\frac{3}{2}\right)t=(K1​)ln(23​).
View written solutionFree

Correct answer: B, D

  1. Magnetic flux and induced current during entry

While the loop is partially entering the region y≥0y\ge 0y≥0, the area inside the magnetic field increases.

If xxx is the length of the loop that has entered the field, then Φ=B0(Lx).\Phi = B_0(Lx).Φ=B0​(Lx). Since x˙=v\dot x = vx˙=v, the induced emf is E=dΦdt=B0Lv.\mathcal E = \frac{d\Phi}{dt} = B_0L v.E=dtdΦ​=B0​Lv. Hence the induced current is I=ER=B0LvR.I=\frac{\mathcal E}{R}=\frac{B_0Lv}{R}.I=RE​=RB0​Lv​.

By Lenz's law, the magnetic force opposes the upward motion.

  1. Retarding force on the loop

Only the horizontal segment inside the field experiences a net vertical magnetic force during entry. Its magnitude is F=ILB0=B0LvR LB0=B02L2Rv.F = I L B_0 = \frac{B_0Lv}{R}\,LB_0 = \frac{B_0^2L^2}{R}v.F=ILB0​=RB0​Lv​LB0​=RB02​L2​v. This force is downward, so Mdvdt=−B02L2Rv.M\frac{dv}{dt}=-\frac{B_0^2L^2}{R}v.Mdtdv​=−RB02​L2​v. Given K=B02L2RM,K=\frac{B_0^2L^2}{RM},K=RMB02​L2​, we get dvdt=−Kv.\frac{dv}{dt}=-Kv.dtdv​=−Kv.

So during entry, v(t)=v0e−Kt.v(t)=v_0 e^{-Kt}.v(t)=v0​e−Kt.

  1. Position during entry

Let y(t)y(t)y(t) be the upward displacement of the loop into the field from the instant the top edge touches y=0y=0y=0. Then dydt=v0e−Kt.\frac{dy}{dt}=v_0 e^{-Kt}.dtdy​=v0​e−Kt. Integrating, y(t)=∫0tv0e−Kτdτ=v0K(1−e−Kt).y(t)=\int_0^t v_0e^{-K\tau}d\tau=\frac{v_0}{K}\left(1-e^{-Kt}\right).y(t)=∫0t​v0​e−Kτdτ=Kv0​​(1−e−Kt).

The loop completely enters when y=L.y=L.y=L. So complete entry is possible only if the maximum possible displacement satisfies ymax⁡=v0K≥L⇒v0≥KL.y_{\max}=\frac{v_0}{K}\ge L \quad\Rightarrow\quad v_0\ge KL.ymax​=Kv0​​≥L⇒v0​≥KL.


  1. Check option A

Given v0=1.5KLv_0=1.5KLv0​=1.5KL. Then ymax⁡=1.5KLK=1.5L>L.y_{\max}=\frac{1.5KL}{K}=1.5L > L.ymax​=K1.5KL​=1.5L>L. So the loop does not stop before entering completely; it does enter fully.

Therefore, A is false.


  1. Check option B

When the complete loop is inside the uniform magnetic field, the flux through the loop is constant: Φ=B0L2=constant.\Phi = B_0L^2 = \text{constant}.Φ=B0​L2=constant. Thus, E=−dΦdt=0,\mathcal E = -\frac{d\Phi}{dt}=0,E=−dtdΦ​=0, so no induced current flows: I=0.I=0.I=0. Hence magnetic force on the loop is zero.

Therefore, B is true.


  1. Check option C

Given v0=KL10v_0=\dfrac{KL}{10}v0​=10KL​. Then the maximum displacement is ymax⁡=v0K=L10.y_{\max}=\frac{v_0}{K}=\frac{L}{10}.ymax​=Kv0​​=10L​. So the loop stops before fully entering.

To find when it comes to rest: from v(t)=v0e−Kt,v(t)=v_0e^{-Kt},v(t)=v0​e−Kt, velocity becomes zero only asymptotically as t→∞t\to\inftyt→∞. It does not become exactly zero at any finite time.

The given time t=1Kln⁡(52)t=\frac{1}{K}\ln\left(\frac52\right)t=K1​ln(25​) is not a stopping time.

Therefore, C is false.


  1. Check option D

Given v0=3KLv_0=3KLv0​=3KL. For complete entry, set L=v0K(1−e−Kt).L=\frac{v_0}{K}(1-e^{-Kt}).L=Kv0​​(1−e−Kt). Substitute v0=3KLv_0=3KLv0​=3KL: L=3KLK(1−e−Kt)=3L(1−e−Kt).L=\frac{3KL}{K}(1-e^{-Kt})=3L(1-e^{-Kt}).L=K3KL​(1−e−Kt)=3L(1−e−Kt). So 13=1−e−Kt\frac13=1-e^{-Kt}31​=1−e−Kt e−Kt=23e^{-Kt}=\frac23e−Kt=32​ t=1Kln⁡(32).t=\frac{1}{K}\ln\left(\frac32\right).t=K1​ln(23​). Thus D is true.


  1. Final conclusion

Correct options are: B, D\boxed{B,\ D}B, D​

This matches the stored correct answer.

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