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Atoms and Nuclei question

2009 · Shift 1 · Q56
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Atoms and Nuclei question

2009 · Shift 1 · Q56

JEE AdvancedPhysicsAtoms and NucleiMCQ+3 / −1
Scientists are working hard to develop nuclear fusion reactor. Nuclei of heavy hydrogen, 12_1^212​ H, known as deuteron and denoted by D, can be thought of as a candidate for fusion reactor. The D-D reaction is 12_1^212​ H + 12_1^212​ H →23\to_2^3→23​ He + nnn+ energy. In the core of fusion reactor, a gas of heavy hydrogen is fully ionized into deuteron nuclei and electrons. This collection of 12_1^212​ H nuclei and electrons is known as plasma. The nuclei move randomly in the reactor core and occasionally come close enough for nuclear fusion to take place. Usually, the temperatures in the reactor core are too high and no material wall can be used to confine the plasma. Special techniques are used which confine the plasma for a time t0t_0t0​ before the particles fly away from the core. If nnn is the density (number/volume) of deuterons, the product nt0nt_0nt0​ is called Lawson number. In one of the criteria, a reactor is termed successful if Lawson number is greater than 5 ×\times× 10 14^{14}14 s/cm 3^33. It may be helpful to use the following : Boltzmann constant k=8.6×10−5k = 8.6 \times {10^{ - 5}}k=8.6×10−5 eV/K; e24πε0=1.44×109{{{e^2}} \over {4\pi {\varepsilon _0}}} = 1.44 \times {10^9}4πε0​e2​=1.44×109 eVm.In the core of nuclear fusion reactor, the gas becomes plasma because of
  1. A
    strong nuclear force acting between the deuterons.
  2. B
    Coulomb force acting between the deuterons.
  3. C
    Coulomb force acting between deuteron-electrons pairs.
  4. D
    the high temperature maintained inside the reactor core.
View written solutionFree

Correct answer: D

  1. What is plasma?
    Plasma is a state in which the gas is ionized, i.e. atoms are broken into nuclei and electrons.

  2. What causes ionization here?
    In the fusion reactor core, the temperature is extremely high. At such high temperatures, particles have very large kinetic energy, enough to overcome the binding of electrons to nuclei.

  3. Check the options:

    • A: strong nuclear force acting between the deuterons
      Strong nuclear force acts only at very short range inside nuclei. It does not ionize the gas. So this is incorrect.

    • B: Coulomb force acting between the deuterons
      Coulomb repulsion exists between deuterons, but this is not the reason the gas becomes ionized plasma. So this is incorrect.

    • C: Coulomb force acting between deuteron-electrons pairs
      Coulomb attraction between electron and deuteron actually tends to keep them bound, not ionize them. So this is incorrect.

    • D: the high temperature maintained inside the reactor core
      High temperature gives enough energy to strip electrons from atoms, producing a fully ionized gas, i.e. plasma. So this is correct.

  4. Final answer:
    The gas becomes plasma due to the high temperature in the reactor core.

Therefore, the correct option is: D\boxed{D}D​

  1. Comparison with stored correct answer:
    Stored correct answer is D, which matches our derived answer.
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