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Sequences and Series question

2023 · Shift 1 · Q27
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Sequences and Series question

2023 · Shift 1 · Q27

JEE AdvancedMathematicsSequences and SeriesNumerical+4 / −1
Let 75⋯5⏞r77 \overbrace{5 \cdots 5}^r 775⋯5r7 denote the (r+2)(r+2)(r+2) digit number where the first and the last digits are 7 and the remaining rrr digits are 5 . Consider the sum S=77+757+7557+⋯+75⋯5⏞987S=77+757+7557+\cdots+7 \overbrace{5 \cdots 5}^{98}7S=77+757+7557+⋯+75⋯5987. If S=75⋯5⏞997+mnS=\frac{7 \overbrace{5 \cdots 5}^{99}7+m}{n}S=n75⋯5997+m​, where mmm and nnn are natural numbers less than 3000 , then the value of m+nm+nm+n is
Numerical answer
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Correct answer: 1219

Step 1: Express the general term of the sum in a closed form.

Let the general term be Tr=75⋯5⏞r7T_r = 7 \overbrace{5 \cdots 5}^r 7Tr​=75⋯5r7. This is an (r+2)(r+2)(r+2)-digit number. We can express this number algebraically: Tr=7⋅10r+1+5⋅10r+5⋅10r−1+⋯+5⋅101+7⋅100T_r = 7 \cdot 10^{r+1} + 5 \cdot 10^r + 5 \cdot 10^{r-1} + \cdots + 5 \cdot 10^1 + 7 \cdot 10^0Tr​=7⋅10r+1+5⋅10r+5⋅10r−1+⋯+5⋅101+7⋅100 Tr=7⋅10r+1+7+5(10r+10r−1+⋯+10)T_r = 7 \cdot 10^{r+1} + 7 + 5(10^r + 10^{r-1} + \cdots + 10)Tr​=7⋅10r+1+7+5(10r+10r−1+⋯+10) The series in the parenthesis is a geometric progression with first term a=10a=10a=10, common ratio R=10R=10R=10, and rrr terms. The sum is 1010r−110−1=109(10r−1)10 \frac{10^r-1}{10-1} = \frac{10}{9}(10^r-1)1010−110r−1​=910​(10r−1). So, Tr=7⋅10r+1+7+5⋅109(10r−1)=7⋅10r+1+7+509(10r−1)T_r = 7 \cdot 10^{r+1} + 7 + 5 \cdot \frac{10}{9}(10^r-1) = 7 \cdot 10^{r+1} + 7 + \frac{50}{9}(10^r-1)Tr​=7⋅10r+1+7+5⋅910​(10r−1)=7⋅10r+1+7+950​(10r−1). To simplify, we take a common denominator of 9: Tr=9(7⋅10r+1+7)+50(10r−1)9T_r = \frac{9(7 \cdot 10^{r+1} + 7) + 50(10^r-1)}{9}Tr​=99(7⋅10r+1+7)+50(10r−1)​ Tr=63⋅10r+1+63+50⋅10r−509T_r = \frac{63 \cdot 10^{r+1} + 63 + 50 \cdot 10^r - 50}{9}Tr​=963⋅10r+1+63+50⋅10r−50​ Tr=630⋅10r+50⋅10r+139T_r = \frac{630 \cdot 10^r + 50 \cdot 10^r + 13}{9}Tr​=9630⋅10r+50⋅10r+13​ Tr=680⋅10r+139T_r = \frac{680 \cdot 10^r + 13}{9}Tr​=9680⋅10r+13​

Step 2: Calculate the sum S.

The sum is given by S=77+757+7557+⋯+75⋯5⏞987S=77+757+7557+\cdots+7 \overbrace{5 \cdots 5}^{98}7S=77+757+7557+⋯+75⋯5987. The terms correspond to r=0,1,2,…,98r=0, 1, 2, \dots, 98r=0,1,2,…,98. There are 98−0+1=9998-0+1 = 9998−0+1=99 terms in the sum. S=∑r=098Tr=∑r=098680⋅10r+139S = \sum_{r=0}^{98} T_r = \sum_{r=0}^{98} \frac{680 \cdot 10^r + 13}{9}S=∑r=098​Tr​=∑r=098​9680⋅10r+13​ S=19(∑r=098680⋅10r+∑r=09813)S = \frac{1}{9} \left( \sum_{r=0}^{98} 680 \cdot 10^r + \sum_{r=0}^{98} 13 \right)S=91​(∑r=098​680⋅10r+∑r=098​13) The first part is a sum of a geometric series: ∑r=098680⋅10r=680∑r=09810r=680(1099−110−1)=6809(1099−1)\sum_{r=0}^{98} 680 \cdot 10^r = 680 \sum_{r=0}^{98} 10^r = 680 \left( \frac{10^{99}-1}{10-1} \right) = \frac{680}{9}(10^{99}-1)∑r=098​680⋅10r=680∑r=098​10r=680(10−11099−1​)=9680​(1099−1). The second part is the sum of a constant: ∑r=09813=13×99\sum_{r=0}^{98} 13 = 13 \times 99∑r=098​13=13×99. Substituting these back into the expression for S: S=19(6809(1099−1)+13×99)S = \frac{1}{9} \left( \frac{680}{9}(10^{99}-1) + 13 \times 99 \right)S=91​(9680​(1099−1)+13×99) S=181(680(1099−1)+13×99×9)S = \frac{1}{81} \left( 680(10^{99}-1) + 13 \times 99 \times 9 \right)S=811​(680(1099−1)+13×99×9) S=181(680⋅1099−680+13×891)S = \frac{1}{81} \left( 680 \cdot 10^{99} - 680 + 13 \times 891 \right)S=811​(680⋅1099−680+13×891) S=181(680⋅1099−680+11583)S = \frac{1}{81} \left( 680 \cdot 10^{99} - 680 + 11583 \right)S=811​(680⋅1099−680+11583) S=680⋅1099+1090381S = \frac{680 \cdot 10^{99} + 10903}{81}S=81680⋅1099+10903​

Step 3: Use the given form of S to find m and n.

The problem states that S=75⋯5⏞997+mnS=\frac{7 \overbrace{5 \cdots 5}^{99}7+m}{n}S=n75⋯5997+m​. The number 75⋯5⏞9977 \overbrace{5 \cdots 5}^{99}775⋯5997 is the term TrT_rTr​ with r=99r=99r=99. So, 75⋯5⏞997=T99=680⋅1099+1397 \overbrace{5 \cdots 5}^{99}7 = T_{99} = \frac{680 \cdot 10^{99} + 13}{9}75⋯5997=T99​=9680⋅1099+13​. Substituting this into the given form of S: S=680⋅1099+139+mn=680⋅1099+13+9m9nS = \frac{\frac{680 \cdot 10^{99} + 13}{9} + m}{n} = \frac{680 \cdot 10^{99} + 13 + 9m}{9n}S=n9680⋅1099+13​+m​=9n680⋅1099+13+9m​

Step 4: Equate the two expressions for S and solve for m and n.

We have two expressions for S: S=680⋅1099+1090381andS=680⋅1099+13+9m9nS = \frac{680 \cdot 10^{99} + 10903}{81} \quad \text{and} \quad S = \frac{680 \cdot 10^{99} + 13 + 9m}{9n}S=81680⋅1099+10903​andS=9n680⋅1099+13+9m​ Equating them: 680⋅1099+1090381=680⋅1099+13+9m9n\frac{680 \cdot 10^{99} + 10903}{81} = \frac{680 \cdot 10^{99} + 13 + 9m}{9n}81680⋅1099+10903​=9n680⋅1099+13+9m​ Let A=680⋅1099A = 680 \cdot 10^{99}A=680⋅1099. A+1090381=A+13+9m9n\frac{A + 10903}{81} = \frac{A + 13 + 9m}{9n}81A+10903​=9nA+13+9m​ 9n(A+10903)=81(A+13+9m)9n(A + 10903) = 81(A + 13 + 9m)9n(A+10903)=81(A+13+9m) Dividing by 9: n(A+10903)=9(A+13+9m)n(A + 10903) = 9(A + 13 + 9m)n(A+10903)=9(A+13+9m) nA+10903n=9A+117+81mnA + 10903n = 9A + 117 + 81mnA+10903n=9A+117+81m (n−9)A=117+81m−10903n(n-9)A = 117 + 81m - 10903n(n−9)A=117+81m−10903n Since A=680⋅1099A = 680 \cdot 10^{99}A=680⋅1099 is an extremely large integer and m,nm, nm,n are natural numbers less than 3000, the right-hand side is a relatively small integer. For this equality to hold, the coefficient of A must be zero. Therefore, n−9=0  ⟹  n=9n-9=0 \implies n=9n−9=0⟹n=9. This also implies the right-hand side must be zero: 117+81m−10903n=0117 + 81m - 10903n = 0117+81m−10903n=0 Substitute n=9n=9n=9: 117+81m−10903(9)=0117 + 81m - 10903(9) = 0117+81m−10903(9)=0 117+81m−98127=0117 + 81m - 98127 = 0117+81m−98127=0 81m=98127−11781m = 98127 - 11781m=98127−117 81m=9801081m = 9801081m=98010 m=9801081=1210m = \frac{98010}{81} = 1210m=8198010​=1210. We have m=1210m=1210m=1210 and n=9n=9n=9. Both are natural numbers less than 3000, as required.

Step 5: Calculate the final value.

The question asks for the value of m+nm+nm+n. m+n=1210+9=1219m+n = 1210 + 9 = 1219m+n=1210+9=1219.

The final answer is 1219.

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