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Quadratic Equation and Inequalities question

2009 · Shift 2 · Q30
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  5. /2009 · Shift 2 · Q30

Quadratic Equation and Inequalities question

2009 · Shift 2 · Q30

JEE AdvancedMathematicsQuadratic Equation and InequalitiesNumerical+3 / −1
The smallest value of kkk, for which both the roots of the equation x2−8kx+16(k2−k+1)=0{x^2} - 8kx + 16\left( {{k^2} - k + 1} \right) = 0x2−8kx+16(k2−k+1)=0 are real, distinct and have values at least 4, is
Numerical answer
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Correct answer: 2

  1. Given quadratic

    x2−8kx+16(k2−k+1)=0x^2-8kx+16(k^2-k+1)=0x2−8kx+16(k2−k+1)=0

    Let its roots be α,β\alpha,\betaα,β.

  2. Conditions on the roots

    We need both roots to be:

    • real,
    • distinct,
    • and each at least 444.
  3. Make the condition "roots at least 4" easier

    Put x=y+4x=y+4x=y+4 so that requiring x≥4x\ge 4x≥4 becomes requiring y≥0y\ge 0y≥0.

    Substitute x=y+4x=y+4x=y+4 into the equation:

    (y+4)2−8k(y+4)+16(k2−k+1)=0(y+4)^2-8k(y+4)+16(k^2-k+1)=0(y+4)2−8k(y+4)+16(k2−k+1)=0

    Expand: y2+8y+16−8ky−32k+16k2−16k+16=0y^2+8y+16-8ky-32k+16k^2-16k+16=0y2+8y+16−8ky−32k+16k2−16k+16=0

    y2+(8−8k)y+(16k2−48k+32)=0y^2+(8-8k)y+(16k^2-48k+32)=0y2+(8−8k)y+(16k2−48k+32)=0

    Factor constants: y2+8(1−k)y+16(k2−3k+2)=0y^2+8(1-k)y+16(k^2-3k+2)=0y2+8(1−k)y+16(k2−3k+2)=0

    y2+8(1−k)y+16(k−1)(k−2)=0y^2+8(1-k)y+16(k-1)(k-2)=0y2+8(1−k)y+16(k−1)(k−2)=0

  4. For both roots in xxx to be at least 4, both roots in yyy must be non-negative

    Let roots of this new equation be y1,y2y_1,y_2y1​,y2​. Then we need:

    • y1,y2y_1,y_2y1​,y2​ real and distinct,
    • y1≥0, y2≥0y_1\ge 0,\ y_2\ge 0y1​≥0, y2​≥0.

    For a quadratic with leading coefficient 111, this requires:

    • discriminant >0>0>0,
    • sum of roots ≥0\ge 0≥0,
    • product of roots ≥0\ge 0≥0.
  5. Compute these quantities

    For y2+8(1−k)y+16(k−1)(k−2)=0,y^2+8(1-k)y+16(k-1)(k-2)=0,y2+8(1−k)y+16(k−1)(k−2)=0,

    we have y1+y2=−8(1−k)=8(k−1),y_1+y_2=-8(1-k)=8(k-1),y1​+y2​=−8(1−k)=8(k−1), y1y2=16(k−1)(k−2).y_1y_2=16(k-1)(k-2).y1​y2​=16(k−1)(k−2).

    So,

    (i) Sum non-negative: 8(k−1)≥0  ⟹  k≥1.8(k-1)\ge 0 \implies k\ge 1.8(k−1)≥0⟹k≥1.

    (ii) Product non-negative: 16(k−1)(k−2)≥0  ⟹  (k−1)(k−2)≥0.16(k-1)(k-2)\ge 0 \implies (k-1)(k-2)\ge 0.16(k−1)(k−2)≥0⟹(k−1)(k−2)≥0. Hence, k≤1ork≥2.k\le 1 \quad \text{or} \quad k\ge 2.k≤1ork≥2.

    Combining with k≥1k\ge 1k≥1, we get k=1ork≥2.k=1 \quad \text{or} \quad k\ge 2.k=1ork≥2.

  6. Distinct real roots condition

    Discriminant of the original quadratic: Δ=(−8k)2−4⋅1⋅16(k2−k+1)\Delta = (-8k)^2-4\cdot 1\cdot 16(k^2-k+1)Δ=(−8k)2−4⋅1⋅16(k2−k+1)

    Δ=64k2−64(k2−k+1)\Delta =64k^2-64(k^2-k+1)Δ=64k2−64(k2−k+1)

    Δ=64(k−1).\Delta =64(k-1).Δ=64(k−1).

    For real and distinct roots: Δ>0  ⟹  k−1>0  ⟹  k>1.\Delta>0 \implies k-1>0 \implies k>1.Δ>0⟹k−1>0⟹k>1.

  7. Combine all conditions

    From step 5: k=1k=1k=1 or k≥2k\ge 2k≥2.

    From step 6: k>1k>1k>1.

    Therefore, k≥2.k\ge 2.k≥2.

    So the smallest value of kkk is 2.\boxed{2}.2​.

  8. Verification at k=2k=2k=2

    Substitute k=2k=2k=2: x2−16x+16(4−2+1)=0x^2-16x+16(4-2+1)=0x2−16x+16(4−2+1)=0 x2−16x+48=0x^2-16x+48=0x2−16x+48=0 (x−4)(x−12)=0(x-4)(x-12)=0(x−4)(x−12)=0

    Roots are 444 and 121212, which are real, distinct, and both at least 444.

Hence the required smallest value is 222.

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