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Permutations and Combinations question

2024 · Shift 1 · Q28
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Permutations and Combinations question

2024 · Shift 1 · Q28

JEE AdvancedMathematicsPermutations and CombinationsNumerical+4 / −1
A group of 9 students, s1,s2,…,s9s_1, s_2, \ldots, s_9s1​,s2​,…,s9​, is to be divided to form three teams X,YX, YX,Y, and ZZZ of sizes 2,3 , and 4 , respectively. Suppose that s1s_1s1​ cannot be selected for the team XXX, and s2s_2s2​ cannot be selected for the team YYY. Then the number of ways to form such teams, is ‾\underline{\hspace{2cm}}​.
Numerical answer
View written solutionFree

Correct answer: 665

We need to divide 9 distinct students into three labeled teams:

  • Team XXX of size 222
  • Team YYY of size 333
  • Team ZZZ of size 444

with restrictions:

  • s1∉Xs_1 \notin Xs1​∈/X
  • s2∉Ys_2 \notin Ys2​∈/Y

We count the number of valid divisions.

1. Total number of ways without restrictions

Since the teams X,Y,ZX,Y,ZX,Y,Z are distinct (labeled), the number of ways is

(92)(73)(44)=(92)(73)=36⋅35=1260.\binom{9}{2}\binom{7}{3}\binom{4}{4}=\binom{9}{2}\binom{7}{3}=36\cdot 35=1260.(29​)(37​)(44​)=(29​)(37​)=36⋅35=1260.

2. Subtract arrangements violating the restrictions

Let

  • AAA = arrangements where s1∈Xs_1 \in Xs1​∈X
  • BBB = arrangements where s2∈Ys_2 \in Ys2​∈Y

We want

Valid=Total−∣A∣−∣B∣+∣A∩B∣.\text{Valid} = \text{Total} - |A| - |B| + |A\cap B|.Valid=Total−∣A∣−∣B∣+∣A∩B∣.

3. Count ∣A∣|A|∣A∣: s1∈Xs_1 \in Xs1​∈X

Team XXX has size 222, and one member is already s1s_1s1​. So choose the other member of XXX from the remaining 8 students:

(81)=8.\binom{8}{1}=8.(18​)=8.

Now 7 students remain, from which team YYY of size 3 can be chosen in

(73)=35\binom{7}{3}=35(37​)=35

ways. Then team ZZZ is fixed.

Hence,

∣A∣=8⋅35=280.|A|=8\cdot 35=280.∣A∣=8⋅35=280.

4. Count ∣B∣|B|∣B∣: s2∈Ys_2 \in Ys2​∈Y

Team YYY has size 333, and one member is already s2s_2s2​. Choose the remaining 2 members of YYY from the other 8 students:

(82)=28.\binom{8}{2}=28.(28​)=28.

Now 6 students remain, from which team XXX of size 2 can be chosen in

(62)=15\binom{6}{2}=15(26​)=15

ways. Then team ZZZ is fixed.

Thus,

∣B∣=28⋅15=420.|B|=28\cdot 15=420.∣B∣=28⋅15=420.

5. Count ∣A∩B∣|A\cap B|∣A∩B∣: both violations occur

Here,

  • s1∈Xs_1 \in Xs1​∈X
  • s2∈Ys_2 \in Ys2​∈Y

Choose the second member of XXX from the remaining 7 students (everyone except s1,s2s_1,s_2s1​,s2​ and possibly including no one else):

(71)=7.\binom{7}{1}=7.(17​)=7.

Now choose the remaining 2 members of YYY from the remaining 6 students:

(62)=15.\binom{6}{2}=15.(26​)=15.

Then team ZZZ is fixed.

So,

∣A∩B∣=7⋅15=105.|A\cap B|=7\cdot 15=105.∣A∩B∣=7⋅15=105.

6. Apply inclusion-exclusion

Therefore,

Valid=1260−280−420+105.\text{Valid} = 1260 - 280 - 420 + 105.Valid=1260−280−420+105.

Compute:

1260−280=980,1260-280=980,1260−280=980, 980−420=560,980-420=560,980−420=560, 560+105=665.560+105=665.560+105=665.

Hence the required number of ways is

665.\boxed{665}.665​.

7. Comparison with stored answer

Stored correct answer = 665665665.

Our derived answer matches the stored answer.

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