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Permutations and Combinations question

2012 · Shift 2 · Q21
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  5. /2012 · Shift 2 · Q21

Permutations and Combinations question

2012 · Shift 2 · Q21

JEE AdvancedMathematicsPermutations and CombinationsMCQ+4 / −1
Let an{{a_n}}an​ denote the number of all n-digit positive integers formed by the digits 0, 1 or both such that no consecutive digits in them are 0.Let bn{{b_n}}bn​= the number of such n-digit integers ending with digit 1 and cn{{c_n}}cn​=the number of such n-digit integers ending with digit 0. The value of b6{{b_6}}b6​ is
  1. A
    7
  2. B
    8
  3. C
    9
  4. D
    11
View written solutionFree

Correct answer: B

  1. Interpret the problem

We form nnn-digit positive integers using only digits 000 and 111, with the condition that no two consecutive digits are 000.

Since the number is an nnn-digit positive integer, the first digit cannot be 000. Hence every valid number must begin with 111.

We define:

  • ana_nan​ = total number of valid nnn-digit numbers,
  • bnb_nbn​ = number of valid nnn-digit numbers ending in 111,
  • cnc_ncn​ = number of valid nnn-digit numbers ending in 000.

We need b6b_6b6​.


  1. Set up recurrences

A valid nnn-digit number ending in 111 can be obtained by appending 111 to any valid (n−1)(n-1)(n−1)-digit number. Therefore,

bn=an−1=bn−1+cn−1.b_n = a_{n-1} = b_{n-1}+c_{n-1}.bn​=an−1​=bn−1​+cn−1​.

A valid nnn-digit number ending in 000 cannot have the previous digit as 000, so it must come from a valid (n−1)(n-1)(n−1)-digit number ending in 111. Hence,

cn=bn−1.c_n = b_{n-1}.cn​=bn−1​.

Thus,

an=bn+cn.a_n = b_n + c_n.an​=bn​+cn​.


  1. Find initial values

For n=1n=1n=1, the only valid 1-digit number is 111. So,

b1=1,c1=0,a1=1.b_1=1, \qquad c_1=0, \qquad a_1=1.b1​=1,c1​=0,a1​=1.


  1. Compute successively up to n=6n=6n=6

For n=2n=2n=2

b2=a1=1,c2=b1=1.b_2=a_1=1, \qquad c_2=b_1=1.b2​=a1​=1,c2​=b1​=1. So, a2=1+1=2.a_2=1+1=2.a2​=1+1=2.

For n=3n=3n=3

b3=a2=2,c3=b2=1.b_3=a_2=2, \qquad c_3=b_2=1.b3​=a2​=2,c3​=b2​=1. So, a3=2+1=3.a_3=2+1=3.a3​=2+1=3.

For n=4n=4n=4

b4=a3=3,c4=b3=2.b_4=a_3=3, \qquad c_4=b_3=2.b4​=a3​=3,c4​=b3​=2. So, a4=3+2=5.a_4=3+2=5.a4​=3+2=5.

For n=5n=5n=5

b5=a4=5,c5=b4=3.b_5=a_4=5, \qquad c_5=b_4=3.b5​=a4​=5,c5​=b4​=3. So, a5=5+3=8.a_5=5+3=8.a5​=5+3=8.

For n=6n=6n=6

b6=a5=8.b_6=a_5=8.b6​=a5​=8.


  1. Check with options

The value is

b6=8.b_6=8.b6​=8.

So the correct option is B.


  1. Comparison with stored answer

Stored correct answer: B

Our derived answer: B

They match.

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