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Limits Continuity and Differentiability question

2024 · Shift 2 · Q21
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  5. /2024 · Shift 2 · Q21

Limits Continuity and Differentiability question

2024 · Shift 2 · Q21

JEE AdvancedMathematicsLimits Continuity and DifferentiabilityMCQ+3 / −1
Let f:R→Rf: \mathbb{R} \rightarrow \mathbb{R}f:R→R be a function defined by f(x)={x2sin⁡(πx2), if xeq0,0, if x=0.f(x)=\left\{\begin{array}{cc} x^2 \sin \left(\frac{\pi}{x^2}\right), & \text { if } x eq 0, \\ 0, & \text { if } x=0 . \end{array}\right.f(x)={x2sin(x2π​),0,​ if xeq0, if x=0.​ Then which of the following statements is TRUE?
  1. A
    f(x)=0f(x)=0f(x)=0 has infinitely many solutions in the interval [11010,∞)\left[\frac{1}{10^{10}}, \infty\right)[10101​,∞).
  2. B
    f(x)=0f(x)=0f(x)=0 has no solutions in the interval [1π,∞)\left[\frac{1}{\pi}, \infty\right)[π1​,∞).
  3. C
    The set of solutions of f(x)=0f(x)=0f(x)=0 in the interval (0,11010)\left(0, \frac{1}{10^{10}}\right)(0,10101​) is finite.
  4. D
    f(x)=0f(x)=0f(x)=0 has more than 25 solutions in the interval (1π2,1π)\left(\frac{1}{\pi^2}, \frac{1}{\pi}\right)(π21​,π1​).
View written solutionFree

Correct answer: D

  1. Find the zeros of f(x)f(x)f(x)

For x≠0x \neq 0x=0,

f(x)=x2sin⁡(πx2).f(x)=x^2\sin\left(\frac{\pi}{x^2}\right).f(x)=x2sin(x2π​).

Since x2≠0x^2 \neq 0x2=0 for x≠0x\neq 0x=0, we have

f(x)=0  ⟺  sin⁡(πx2)=0.f(x)=0 \iff \sin\left(\frac{\pi}{x^2}\right)=0.f(x)=0⟺sin(x2π​)=0.

Now, sin⁡θ=0\sin \theta =0sinθ=0 when θ=nπ\theta = n\piθ=nπ for some n∈Zn\in \mathbb{Z}n∈Z. So,

πx2=nπ⇒1x2=n.\frac{\pi}{x^2}=n\pi \quad \Rightarrow \quad \frac{1}{x^2}=n.x2π​=nπ⇒x21​=n.

Hence,

x2=1n,x=±1n,x^2=\frac{1}{n}, \qquad x=\pm \frac{1}{\sqrt{n}},x2=n1​,x=±n​1​,

where n∈Nn\in \mathbb{N}n∈N (since x2>0x^2>0x2>0, we need n>0n>0n>0).

Also, x=0x=0x=0 is itself a zero because f(0)=0f(0)=0f(0)=0.

Thus, for positive xxx, the solutions are exactly

x=1n,n=1,2,3,…x=\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}, \qquad n=1,2,3,\dotsx=n​1​,n=1,2,3,…
  1. Check option A

Statement: f(x)=0f(x)=0f(x)=0 has infinitely many solutions in [11010,∞)\left[\frac{1}{10^{10}},\infty\right)[10101​,∞).

For positive zeros,

1n≥11010⇒n≤1010⇒n≤1020.\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}} \ge \frac{1}{10^{10}} \quad \Rightarrow \quad \sqrt{n} \le 10^{10} \quad \Rightarrow \quad n \le 10^{20}.n​1​≥10101​⇒n​≤1010⇒n≤1020.

So only finitely many positive integers nnn satisfy this. Hence only finitely many positive zeros lie in this interval.

Also, for x>1x>1x>1, there are no zeros of form 1/n1/\sqrt{n}1/n​ except at x=1x=1x=1. Thus the number of solutions in this interval is finite, not infinite.

So A is false.


  1. Check option B

Statement: f(x)=0f(x)=0f(x)=0 has no solutions in [1π,∞)\left[\frac{1}{\pi},\infty\right)[π1​,∞).

We test whether some zero x=1nx=\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}x=n​1​ lies in this interval:

1n≥1π⇒n≤π⇒n≤π2.\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}} \ge \frac{1}{\pi} \quad \Rightarrow \quad \sqrt{n} \le \pi \quad \Rightarrow \quad n \le \pi^2.n​1​≥π1​⇒n​≤π⇒n≤π2.

Since π2≈9.87\pi^2 \approx 9.87π2≈9.87, possible integers are

n=1,2,3,…,9.n=1,2,3,\dots,9.n=1,2,3,…,9.

So there are several solutions in this interval, e.g.

x=1(n=1).x=1 \quad (n=1).x=1(n=1).

Hence B is false.


  1. Check option C

Statement: The set of solutions of f(x)=0f(x)=0f(x)=0 in (0,11010)\left(0,\frac{1}{10^{10}}\right)(0,10101​) is finite.

We need

0<1n<11010⇒n>1010⇒n>1020.0<\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}<\frac{1}{10^{10}} \quad \Rightarrow \quad \sqrt{n}>10^{10} \quad \Rightarrow \quad n>10^{20}.0<n​1​<10101​⇒n​>1010⇒n>1020.

There are infinitely many integers n>1020n>10^{20}n>1020. Therefore, there are infinitely many zeros in this interval.

So C is false.


  1. Check option D

Statement: f(x)=0f(x)=0f(x)=0 has more than 252525 solutions in (1π2,1π)\left(\frac{1}{\pi^2},\frac{1}{\pi}\right)(π21​,π1​).

We need zeros of the form x=1nx=\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}x=n​1​ satisfying

1π2<1n<1π.\frac{1}{\pi^2}<\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}<\frac{1}{\pi}.π21​<n​1​<π1​.

Since all quantities are positive, invert carefully:

From

1n<1π⇒n>π⇒n>π2.\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}<\frac{1}{\pi} \quad \Rightarrow \quad \sqrt{n}>\pi \quad \Rightarrow \quad n>\pi^2.n​1​<π1​⇒n​>π⇒n>π2.

And from

1π2<1n⇒π2>n⇒n<π4.\frac{1}{\pi^2}<\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}} \quad \Rightarrow \quad \pi^2>\sqrt{n} \quad \Rightarrow \quad n<\pi^4.π21​<n​1​⇒π2>n​⇒n<π4.

Thus,

π2<n<π4.\pi^2<n<\pi^4.π2<n<π4.

Now,

π2≈9.8696,π4≈97.409.\pi^2\approx 9.8696, \qquad \pi^4\approx 97.409.π2≈9.8696,π4≈97.409.

So the integers nnn satisfying this are

n=10,11,12,…,97.n=10,11,12,\dots,97.n=10,11,12,…,97.

Number of such integers:

97−10+1=88.97-10+1=88.97−10+1=88.

Thus there are 888888 solutions in that interval, which is certainly more than 252525.

So D is true.


  1. Conclusion

The only true statement is

D\boxed{\text{D}}D​
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