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Complex Numbers question

2013 · Shift 2 · Q37
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Complex Numbers question

2013 · Shift 2 · Q37

JEE AdvancedMathematicsComplex NumbersMCQ+4 / −1
Let S=S1∩S2∩S3S = S_1 \cap S_2 \cap S_3S=S1​∩S2​∩S3​, where S1={z∈C:∣z∣<4},S2={z∈C:Im[z−1+3i1−3i]>0}S_1 = \{z \in \mathbb{C} : |z| \lt 4\}, \quad S_2 = \left\{z \in \mathbb{C} : \text{Im}\left[\frac{z - 1 + \sqrt{3}i}{1 - \sqrt{3}i}\right] \gt 0\right\}S1​={z∈C:∣z∣<4},S2​={z∈C:Im[1−3​iz−1+3​i​]>0} and S3={z∈C:Re(z)>0}S_3 = \{z \in \mathbb{C} : \text{Re}(z) \gt 0\}S3​={z∈C:Re(z)>0} Area of SSS =
  1. A
    10π3{{10\pi } \over 3}310π​
  2. B
    20π3{{20\pi } \over 3}320π​
  3. C
    16π3{{16\pi } \over 3}316π​
  4. D
    32π3{{32\pi } \over 3}332π​
View written solutionFree

Correct answer: B

The user wants to find the area of the region S=S1∩S2∩S3S = S_1 \cap S_2 \cap S_3S=S1​∩S2​∩S3​ in the complex plane.\n\nStep 1: Analyze each set individually.\n\n1. Set S1: S1={z∈C:∣z∣<4}S_1 = \{z \in \mathbb{C} : |z| < 4\}S1​={z∈C:∣z∣<4}.\n Let z=x+iyz = x + iyz=x+iy. The condition ∣z∣<4|z| < 4∣z∣<4 translates to x2+y2<4\sqrt{x^2 + y^2} < 4x2+y2​<4, or x2+y2<16x^2 + y^2 < 16x2+y2<16. This represents the interior of a circle centered at the origin (0,0)(0,0)(0,0) with radius R=4R=4R=4. In polar coordinates, z=reiθz = re^{i\theta}z=reiθ, this condition is r<4r < 4r<4.\n\n2. Set S3: S3={z∈C:Re(z)>0}S_3 = \{z \in \mathbb{C} : \text{Re}(z) > 0\}S3​={z∈C:Re(z)>0}.\n With z=x+iyz = x + iyz=x+iy, the condition is x>0x > 0x>0. This represents the right half-plane. In polar coordinates, this corresponds to the angular range −π2<θ<π2-\frac{\pi}{2} < \theta < \frac{\pi}{2}−2π​<θ<2π​.\n\n3. Set S2: S2={z∈C:Im[z−1+3i1−3i]>0}S_2 = \left\{z \in \mathbb{C} : \text{Im}\left[\frac{z - 1 + \sqrt{3}i}{1 - \sqrt{3}i}\right] > 0\right\}S2​={z∈C:Im[1−3​iz−1+3​i​]>0}.\n Let's simplify the expression inside the imaginary part. Let z0=1−3iz_0 = 1 - \sqrt{3}iz0​=1−3​i. The expression is z−z0z0=zz0−1\frac{z - z_0}{z_0} = \frac{z}{z_0} - 1z0​z−z0​​=z0​z​−1. The condition becomes:\n Im(zz0−1)>0\text{Im}\left(\frac{z}{z_0} - 1\right) > 0Im(z0​z​−1)>0 Im(zz0)>0\text{Im}\left(\frac{z}{z_0}\right) > 0Im(z0​z​)>0 This means that the complex number zz0\frac{z}{z_0}z0​z​ lies in the upper half of the complex plane. The argument of any complex number in the upper half-plane is between 000 and π\piπ. Therefore:\n 0<arg⁡(zz0)<π0 < \arg\left(\frac{z}{z_0}\right) < \pi0<arg(z0​z​)<π Using the property arg⁡(w1/w2)=arg⁡(w1)−arg⁡(w2)\arg(w_1/w_2) = \arg(w_1) - \arg(w_2)arg(w1​/w2​)=arg(w1​)−arg(w2​), we have:\n 0<arg⁡(z)−arg⁡(z0)<π0 < \arg(z) - \arg(z_0) < \pi0<arg(z)−arg(z0​)<π arg⁡(z0)<arg⁡(z)<π+arg⁡(z0)\arg(z_0) < \arg(z) < \pi + \arg(z_0)arg(z0​)<arg(z)<π+arg(z0​) Now, we find the argument of z0=1−3iz_0 = 1 - \sqrt{3}iz0​=1−3​i. The point (1,−3)(1, -\sqrt{3})(1,−3​) is in the fourth quadrant. arg⁡(z0)=arctan⁡(−31)=−π3\arg(z_0) = \arctan\left(\frac{-\sqrt{3}}{1}\right) = -\frac{\pi}{3}arg(z0​)=arctan(1−3​​)=−3π​ Substituting this value back into the inequality for arg⁡(z)=θ\arg(z) = \thetaarg(z)=θ:\n −π3<θ<π+(−π3)-\frac{\pi}{3} < \theta < \pi + \left(-\frac{\pi}{3}\right)−3π​<θ<π+(−3π​) −π3<θ<2π3-\frac{\pi}{3} < \theta < \frac{2\pi}{3}−3π​<θ<32π​ So, S2S_2S2​ represents a wedge-shaped region defined by this angular interval.\n\nStep 2: Determine the region of intersection S.\n\nThe region SSS is the intersection of the conditions from S1S_1S1​, S2S_2S2​, and S3S_3S3​. In polar coordinates, these are:\n1. r<4r < 4r<4 (from S1S_1S1​)\n2. −π3<θ<2π3-\frac{\pi}{3} < \theta < \frac{2\pi}{3}−3π​<θ<32π​ (from S2S_2S2​)\n3. −π2<θ<π2-\frac{\pi}{2} < \theta < \frac{\pi}{2}−2π​<θ<2π​ (from S3S_3S3​)\n\nWe need to find the intersection of the two angular intervals: (−π3,2π3)(-\frac{\pi}{3}, \frac{2\pi}{3})(−3π​,32π​) and (−π2,π2)(-\frac{\pi}{2}, \frac{\pi}{2})(−2π​,2π​).\n- The lower bound is max⁡(−π3,−π2)=−π3\max(-\frac{\pi}{3}, -\frac{\pi}{2}) = -\frac{\pi}{3}max(−3π​,−2π​)=−3π​.\n- The upper bound is min⁡(2π3,π2)=π2\min(\frac{2\pi}{3}, \frac{\pi}{2}) = \frac{\pi}{2}min(32π​,2π​)=2π​.\n\nSo, the region SSS is described in polar coordinates by 0≤r<40 \le r < 40≤r<4 and −π3<θ<π2-\frac{\pi}{3} < \theta < \frac{\pi}{2}−3π​<θ<2π​.\n\nStep 3: Calculate the area of S.\n\nThe region SSS is a sector of a circle with radius R=4R=4R=4. The angle of this sector is:\nΔθ=θupper−θlower=π2−(−π3)=π2+π3=3π+2π6=5π6\Delta\theta = \theta_{\text{upper}} - \theta_{\text{lower}} = \frac{\pi}{2} - \left(-\frac{\pi}{3}\right) = \frac{\pi}{2} + \frac{\pi}{3} = \frac{3\pi + 2\pi}{6} = \frac{5\pi}{6}Δθ=θupper​−θlower​=2π​−(−3π​)=2π​+3π​=63π+2π​=65π​ The area of a circular sector is given by the formula A=12R2ΔθA = \frac{1}{2}R^2\Delta\thetaA=21​R2Δθ.\nSubstituting the values:\nA=12(42)(5π6)=12(16)(5π6)=8×5π6=40π6=20π3A = \frac{1}{2}(4^2)\left(\frac{5\pi}{6}\right) = \frac{1}{2}(16)\left(\frac{5\pi}{6}\right) = 8 \times \frac{5\pi}{6} = \frac{40\pi}{6} = \frac{20\pi}{3}A=21​(42)(65π​)=21​(16)(65π​)=8×65π​=640π​=320π​ The area of the region SSS is 20π3\frac{20\pi}{3}320π​.\n\nStep 4: Conclusion\n\nThe calculated area is 20π3\frac{20\pi}{3}320π​, which corresponds to option B.

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