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Complex Numbers question

2009 · Shift 1 · Q22
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  5. /2009 · Shift 1 · Q22

Complex Numbers question

2009 · Shift 1 · Q22

JEE AdvancedMathematicsComplex NumbersMCQ+3 / −1
Let z= cos⁡ θ +i sin⁡ θz = \,\cos \,\theta \, + i\,\sin \,\thetaz=cosθ+isinθ. Then the value of ∑m=115Imolimits(z2m−1) at θ =2∘\sum\limits_{m = 1}^{15} {{\mathop{\rm Im} olimits} } ({z^{2m - 1}})\,at\,\theta \, = {2^ \circ }m=1∑15​Imolimits(z2m−1)atθ=2∘ is
  1. A
    1sin⁡ 2∘{1 \over {\sin \,{2^ \circ }}}sin2∘1​
  2. B
    13sin⁡ 2∘{1 \over {3\sin \,{2^ \circ }}}3sin2∘1​
  3. C
    12sin⁡ 2∘{1 \over {2\sin \,{2^ \circ }}}2sin2∘1​
  4. D
    14sin⁡ 2∘{1 \over {4\sin \,{2^ \circ }}}4sin2∘1​
View written solutionFree

Correct answer: D

Step-by-step Solution:

  1. Understand the Complex Number and its Powers

    We are given the complex number z=cos⁡θ+isin⁡θz = \cos \theta + i \sin \thetaz=cosθ+isinθ. By Euler's formula, this can be written as z=eiθz = e^{i\theta}z=eiθ.

    We need to find the imaginary part of z2m−1z^{2m-1}z2m−1. Using De Moivre's Theorem, which states that (cos⁡θ+isin⁡θ)n=cos⁡(nθ)+isin⁡(nθ)(\cos \theta + i \sin \theta)^n = \cos(n\theta) + i \sin(n\theta)(cosθ+isinθ)n=cos(nθ)+isin(nθ), we have: z2m−1=(cos⁡θ+isin⁡θ)2m−1=cos⁡((2m−1)θ)+isin⁡((2m−1)θ)z^{2m-1} = (\cos \theta + i \sin \theta)^{2m-1} = \cos((2m-1)\theta) + i \sin((2m-1)\theta)z2m−1=(cosθ+isinθ)2m−1=cos((2m−1)θ)+isin((2m−1)θ)

  2. Identify the Imaginary Part

    The imaginary part of z2m−1z^{2m-1}z2m−1, denoted by Imolimits(z2m−1){\mathop{\rm Im} olimits} ({z^{2m - 1}})Imolimits(z2m−1), is the coefficient of iii. Imolimits(z2m−1)=sin⁡((2m−1)θ){\mathop{\rm Im} olimits} ({z^{2m - 1}}) = \sin((2m-1)\theta)Imolimits(z2m−1)=sin((2m−1)θ)

  3. Formulate the Sum

    The problem asks for the value of the sum S=∑m=115Imolimits(z2m−1)S = \sum\limits_{m = 1}^{15} {{\mathop{\rm Im} olimits} } ({z^{2m - 1}})S=m=1∑15​Imolimits(z2m−1). Substituting the expression from Step 2, we get: S=∑m=115sin⁡((2m−1)θ)S = \sum_{m=1}^{15} \sin((2m-1)\theta)S=∑m=115​sin((2m−1)θ)

    Let's expand the sum to see the terms: S=sin⁡(θ)+sin⁡(3θ)+sin⁡(5θ)+⋯+sin⁡(29θ)S = \sin(\theta) + \sin(3\theta) + \sin(5\theta) + \dots + \sin(29\theta)S=sin(θ)+sin(3θ)+sin(5θ)+⋯+sin(29θ)

  4. Evaluate the Trigonometric Series

    This is a sum of sine terms where the angles are in an arithmetic progression: θ,3θ,5θ,…\theta, 3\theta, 5\theta, \dotsθ,3θ,5θ,…. The first term is A=θA = \thetaA=θ, the common difference is D=2θD = 2\thetaD=2θ, and the number of terms is n=15n = 15n=15.

    The formula for the sum of a sine series is: ∑k=1nsin⁡(A+(k−1)D)=sin⁡(nD/2)sin⁡(D/2)sin⁡(A+(n−1)D2)\sum_{k=1}^{n} \sin(A + (k-1)D) = \frac{\sin(nD/2)}{\sin(D/2)} \sin\left(A + \frac{(n-1)D}{2}\right)∑k=1n​sin(A+(k−1)D)=sin(D/2)sin(nD/2)​sin(A+2(n−1)D​)

    Applying this formula with our values:

    • n=15n = 15n=15
    • D=2θD = 2\thetaD=2θ
    • A=θA = \thetaA=θ

    We get:

    • nD/2=15(2θ)/2=15θnD/2 = 15(2\theta)/2 = 15\thetanD/2=15(2θ)/2=15θ
    • D/2=2θ/2=θD/2 = 2\theta/2 = \thetaD/2=2θ/2=θ
    • A+(n−1)D2=θ+(15−1)2θ2=θ+14θ=15θA + \frac{(n-1)D}{2} = \theta + \frac{(15-1)2\theta}{2} = \theta + 14\theta = 15\thetaA+2(n−1)D​=θ+2(15−1)2θ​=θ+14θ=15θ

    Substituting these into the formula: S=sin⁡(15θ)sin⁡(θ)sin⁡(15θ)=sin⁡2(15θ)sin⁡(θ)S = \frac{\sin(15\theta)}{\sin(\theta)} \sin(15\theta) = \frac{\sin^2(15\theta)}{\sin(\theta)}S=sin(θ)sin(15θ)​sin(15θ)=sin(θ)sin2(15θ)​

  5. Substitute the Given Value of θ

    We are given that θ=2∘\theta = 2^\circθ=2∘. Substituting this into the expression for S: S=sin⁡2(15×2∘)sin⁡(2∘)=sin⁡2(30∘)sin⁡(2∘)S = \frac{\sin^2(15 \times 2^\circ)}{\sin(2^\circ)} = \frac{\sin^2(30^\circ)}{\sin(2^\circ)}S=sin(2∘)sin2(15×2∘)​=sin(2∘)sin2(30∘)​

  6. Calculate the Final Value

    We know that sin⁡(30∘)=12\sin(30^\circ) = \frac{1}{2}sin(30∘)=21​. Therefore, sin⁡2(30∘)=(12)2=14\sin^2(30^\circ) = \left(\frac{1}{2}\right)^2 = \frac{1}{4}sin2(30∘)=(21​)2=41​.

    Substituting this value back into the expression for S: S=1/4sin⁡(2∘)=14sin⁡(2∘)S = \frac{1/4}{\sin(2^\circ)} = \frac{1}{4\sin(2^\circ)}S=sin(2∘)1/4​=4sin(2∘)1​

  7. Conclusion

    The value of the sum is 14sin⁡(2∘)\frac{1}{4\sin(2^\circ)}4sin(2∘)1​. Comparing this with the given options: A: 1sin⁡ 2∘{1 \over {\sin \,{2^ \circ }}}sin2∘1​ B: 13sin⁡ 2∘{1 \over {3\sin \,{2^ \circ }}}3sin2∘1​ C: 12sin⁡ 2∘{1 \over {2\sin \,{2^ \circ }}}2sin2∘1​ D: 14sin⁡ 2∘{1 \over {4\sin \,{2^ \circ }}}4sin2∘1​

    The calculated value matches option D.

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