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Application of Integration question

2021 · Shift 2 · Q28
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  5. /2021 · Shift 2 · Q28

Application of Integration question

2021 · Shift 2 · Q28

JEE AdvancedMathematicsApplication of IntegrationNumerical+2 / −1
Let f1 : (0, ∞\infty∞) →\to→ R and f2 : (0, ∞\infty∞) →\to→ R be defined by f1(x)=∫0x∏j=121(t−j)jdt{f_1}(x) = \int\limits_0^x {\prod\limits_{j = 1}^{21} {{{(t - j)}^j}dt} }f1​(x)=0∫x​j=1∏21​(t−j)jdt, x > 0 and f2(x)=98(x−1)50−600(x−1)49+2450,x>0{f_2}(x) = 98{(x - 1)^{50}} - 600{(x - 1)^{49}} + 2450,x \gt 0f2​(x)=98(x−1)50−600(x−1)49+2450,x>0, where, for any positive integer n and real numbers a1, a2, ....., an, ∏olimitsi=1nai\prod olimits_{i = 1}^n {{a_i}}∏olimitsi=1n​ai​ denotes the product of a1, a2, ....., an. Let mi and ni, respectively, denote the number of points of local minima and the number of points of local maxima of function fi, i = 1, 2 in the interval (0, ∞\infty∞). The value of 2m1+3n1+m1n12{m_1} + 3{n_1} + {m_1}{n_1}2m1​+3n1​+m1​n1​ is ‾\underline{\hspace{2cm}}​.
Numerical answer
View written solutionFree

Correct answer: 57.00

  1. Given functions

f1(x)=∫0x∏j=121(t−j)j dt,x>0f_1(x)=\int_0^x \prod_{j=1}^{21}(t-j)^j\,dt,\qquad x>0f1​(x)=∫0x​∏j=121​(t−j)jdt,x>0

and

f2(x)=98(x−1)50−600(x−1)49+2450,x>0.f_2(x)=98(x-1)^{50}-600(x-1)^{49}+2450,\qquad x>0.f2​(x)=98(x−1)50−600(x−1)49+2450,x>0.

We need the numbers of local minima and maxima of these functions on (0,∞)(0,\infty)(0,∞).

The required value is

2m1+3n1+m1n1.2m_1+3n_1+m_1n_1.2m1​+3n1​+m1​n1​.

So we only need m1,n1m_1,n_1m1​,n1​.


  1. Find critical points of f1f_1f1​

By the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus,

f1′(x)=∏j=121(x−j)j.f_1'(x)=\prod_{j=1}^{21}(x-j)^j.f1′​(x)=∏j=121​(x−j)j.

Thus the critical points are at

x=1,2,3,…,21.x=1,2,3,\dots,21.x=1,2,3,…,21.

Their multiplicities are respectively 1,2,3,…,211,2,3,\dots,211,2,3,…,21.

A local extremum occurs at a zero of f1′(x)f_1'(x)f1′​(x) where the sign of f1′(x)f_1'(x)f1′​(x) changes.

A sign change happens only at roots of odd multiplicity.

So among 1,2,…,211,2,\dots,211,2,…,21, the relevant points are

x=1,3,5,…,21x=1,3,5,\dots,21x=1,3,5,…,21

(i.e. 11 odd integers).


  1. Determine the sign pattern of f1′(x)f_1'(x)f1′​(x)

For x>21x>21x>21, every factor (x−j)j>0(x-j)^j>0(x−j)j>0, so

f1′(x)>0for x>21.f_1'(x)>0 \quad \text{for } x>21.f1′​(x)>0for x>21.

Now moving left across each odd-multiplicity root flips the sign, and across each even-multiplicity root the sign remains same.

Hence the sign alternates across odd integers only.

Let us track extrema:

  • At x=21x=21x=21 (odd multiplicity), sign changes from negative to positive as we pass left to right, so local minimum at x=21x=21x=21.
  • At x=19x=19x=19, sign changes positive to negative, so local maximum.
  • At x=17x=17x=17, negative to positive, so local minimum.

Continuing alternately down to x=1x=1x=1.

Thus among the 11 odd roots:

  • minima occur at x=1,5,9,13,17,21x=1,5,9,13,17,21x=1,5,9,13,17,21? Let us verify carefully.

Starting from (21,∞)(21,\infty)(21,∞): positive.

  • crossing 212121: left side negative, right side positive ⇒\Rightarrow⇒ minimum at 212121.
  • crossing 191919: left side positive, right side negative ⇒\Rightarrow⇒ maximum at 191919.
  • crossing 171717: left side negative, right side positive ⇒\Rightarrow⇒ minimum at 171717.
  • crossing 151515: maximum.
  • crossing 131313: minimum.
  • crossing 111111: maximum.
  • crossing 999: minimum.
  • crossing 777: maximum.
  • crossing 555: minimum.
  • crossing 333: maximum.
  • crossing 111: minimum.

Therefore,

m1=6,n1=5.m_1=6,\qquad n_1=5.m1​=6,n1​=5.


  1. Compute the required expression

2m1+3n1+m1n1=2(6)+3(5)+(6)(5).2m_1+3n_1+m_1n_1=2(6)+3(5)+(6)(5).2m1​+3n1​+m1​n1​=2(6)+3(5)+(6)(5).

=12+15+30=57.=12+15+30=57.=12+15+30=57.


  1. About f2f_2f2​

The question defines mi,nim_i,n_imi​,ni​ for both f1,f2f_1,f_2f1​,f2​, but the final expression involves only m1,n1m_1,n_1m1​,n1​. So f2f_2f2​ is not needed for the asked value.


  1. Final answer

57\boxed{57}57​

This matches the stored correct answer.

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