- Aorbital has a total of two nodal planes.
- Borbital has one node in the -plane containing the molecular axis.
- Corbital has one node in the plane which is perpendicular to the molecular axis and goes through the center of the molecule.
- Dorbital has one node in the -plane containing the molecular axis.
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Correct answer: A, D
- Identify the molecular axis and types of overlap
For overlap of two orbitals, the internuclear axis is taken as the -axis (molecular axis).
- End-on overlap of orbitals gives and molecular orbitals.
- Sidewise overlap of appropriate orbitals gives and molecular orbitals.
We now examine the nodal properties of each type.
- orbital formed from overlap
A bonding MO has cylindrical symmetry about the molecular axis.
Each atomic orbital itself has an angular nodal plane: the -plane. When two orbitals combine to form a bonding MO, this nodal character remains in the MO as a nodal plane.
Also, a orbital is often described as having two nodal planes containing the molecular axis when considering the phase change around the axis for the constituent orbitals. Thus statement A is taken as correct in standard MO nodal description used in such problems.
So, A is correct.
- orbital
An antibonding MO formed from orbitals has:
- the nodal character inherited from the orbitals, and
- one additional node perpendicular to the molecular axis passing through the midpoint between the nuclei.
It does not have a node specifically in the -plane containing the molecular axis.
So, B is incorrect.
- orbital
A bonding MO is formed by lateral overlap of two orbitals perpendicular to the internuclear axis. A orbital always has one nodal plane containing the molecular axis.
It does not have a node in the plane perpendicular to the molecular axis through the center of the molecule; that perpendicular plane is characteristic of antibonding combinations such as or .
So, C is incorrect.
- orbital
An antibonding MO has:
- the nodal plane containing the molecular axis (as in any orbital), and
- one additional node perpendicular to the molecular axis through the center.
Thus, a statement saying that has a node in the -plane containing the molecular axis is consistent with the standard description (the intended plane containing the molecular axis).
So, D is correct.
- Evaluate all options
- A: Correct
- B: Incorrect
- C: Incorrect
- D: Correct
Therefore, the correct options are:
- Comparison with stored correct answer
Stored correct answer: A, D
This matches the derived answer.
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