This is a matching question where we need to pair organic compounds from List-I with their characteristic chemical tests or properties described in List-II. Let's analyze each compound and test step-by-step.

Step 1: Analyze Compound (P) - Tyrosine

• Structure and Functional Groups: Tyrosine is an α-amino acid. It contains a primary amino group ($-NH_2$), a carboxylic acid group ($-COOH$), and a phenolic hydroxyl group ($-OH$ attached to a benzene ring).
• Characteristic Tests:
  • Ninhydrin Test: As an α-amino acid, it will give a positive ninhydrin test, producing a purple color (Ruhemann's purple).
  • Ferric Chloride (FeCl₃) Test: Due to the presence of the phenolic group, it will give a positive FeCl₃ test, typically forming a violet-colored complex.
• Matching with List-II: Observation (2) states: "Reaction with ninhydrin gives purple color and it also reacts with FeCl₃ to give violet color." This perfectly describes the properties of Tyrosine.
• Conclusion: P → 2

Step 2: Analyze Compound (R) - Aniline

• Structure and Functional Groups: Aniline ($C_6H_5NH_2$) is a primary aromatic amine.
• Characteristic Tests:
  • Azo Dye Test: Primary aromatic amines react with diazonium salts in a coupling reaction to form azo dyes. Aniline reacts with phenyl diazonium salt in weakly acidic conditions to form p-aminoazobenzene, which is a yellow dye.
• Matching with List-II: Observation (1) states: "Reaction with phenyl diazonium salt gives yellow dye." This is a characteristic reaction for aniline.
• Conclusion: R → 1

Step 3: Analyze Compound (S) - 2,4-Dinitrophenylhydrazine (2,4-DNP)

• Structure and Use: 2,4-DNP, also known as Brady's reagent, is a reagent used to test for the presence of carbonyl functional groups (aldehydes and ketones).
• Characteristic Tests:
  • It reacts with aldehydes and ketones to form 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazones, which are typically yellow, orange, or red colored precipitates.
  • Glucose is an aldohexose, meaning it contains an aldehyde group in its open-chain form.
• Matching with List-II: Observation (3) states: "Reaction with glucose will give corresponding hydrazone." 2,4-DNP will react with the aldehyde group of glucose to form a hydrazone.
• Conclusion: S → 3

Step 4: Analyze Compound (Q) - Glycyltyrosine

• Structure and Functional Groups: Glycyltyrosine is a dipeptide, formed from the amino acids Glycine and Tyrosine linked by a peptide bond.
• Characteristic Tests:
  • Hydrolysis: On complete hydrolysis (e.g., by boiling with acid or base), the peptide bond breaks, yielding the constituent amino acids: Glycine and Tyrosine.
  • Ninhydrin Test on Hydrolysate: Both Glycine and Tyrosine are α-amino acids, so the hydrolysate will give a positive ninhydrin test.
  • Phthalein Dye Test: This test is for phenols. The reaction involves electrophilic substitution on the phenol ring by protonated phthalic anhydride, typically at the para position. In the tyrosine residue of compound Q (and in Tyrosine itself), the para position to the -OH group is blocked by the rest of the molecule (the $-CH_2-$ group). This prevents the standard condensation reaction, so it would not give a positive phthalein dye test.
• Matching with List-II: Observation (5) states: "After complete hydrolysis, it will give ninhydrin test and it DOES NOT give positive phthalein dye test." This matches our analysis of Glycyltyrosine.
• Conclusion: Q → 5

Step 5: Consolidate the Matches and Choose the Correct Option

• P → 2
• Q → 5
• R → 1
• S → 3

Now, let's compare this with the given options: A: P → 1; Q → 5; R → 4; S → 2 (Incorrect) B: P → 2; Q → 5; R → 1; S → 3 (Correct) C: P → 5; Q → 2; R → 1; S → 4 (Incorrect) D: P → 2; Q → 1; R → 5; S → 3 (Incorrect)

The correct set of matches corresponds to option B.

Note: Observation (4) describes the test for compounds containing both Nitrogen and Sulfur. None of the compounds in List-I contain sulfur, so this observation is an extra, unused option.