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P Block Elements question

2008 · Shift 1 · Q13
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P Block Elements question

2008 · Shift 1 · Q13

JEE AdvancedChemistryP Block ElementsMCQ+3 / −1
Statement 1 : Pb 4+{}^{4+}4+ compounds are stronger oxidising agents than Sn 4+{}^{4+}4+ compounds. and Statement 2 : The higher oxidation states for the group 14 elements are more stable for the heavier members of the group due to 'inert pair effect'.
  1. A
    Statement 1 is True, Statement 2 is True; Statement 2 is correct explanation for Statement 1.
  2. B
    Statement 1 is True, Statement 2 is True; Statement 2 is NOT correct explanation for Statement 1.
  3. C
    Statement 1 is True, Statement 2 is False.
  4. D
    Statement 1 is False, Statement 2 is True.
View written solutionFree

Correct answer: C

Step-by-step analysis:

1. Analyze Statement 1: Pb 4+{}^{4+}4+ compounds are stronger oxidising agents than Sn 4+{}^{4+}4+ compounds.

  • An oxidising agent is a substance that causes oxidation in another substance by accepting electrons and getting reduced itself. A stronger oxidising agent has a greater tendency to accept electrons.
  • Both tin (Sn) and lead (Pb) are elements of Group 14 of the periodic table. The general electronic configuration for this group is ns2np2ns^2np^2ns2np2. They can exhibit oxidation states of +2 (by losing two p-electrons) and +4 (by losing both s and p valence electrons).
  • Due to the inert pair effect, the stability of the lower oxidation state (+2) increases, and the stability of the higher oxidation state (+4) decreases as we move down the group. This effect is particularly significant for the heavier elements like Sn and Pb.
  • For tin (Sn), the +4 oxidation state is more stable than the +2 oxidation state. Therefore, Sn4+{}^{4+}4+ has a relatively low tendency to gain two electrons to form Sn2+{}^{2+}2+. SnSnSn{}^{4+}+2e + 2e+2e{}^-→Sn → Sn→Sn{}^{2+}$$ (This reaction is not highly favorable as Sn4+{}^{4+}4+ is stable).
  • For lead (Pb), the heavier element in the group, the inert pair effect is very pronounced. The +2 oxidation state is much more stable than the +4 oxidation state.
  • Consequently, Pb4+{}^{4+}4+ has a very strong tendency to accept two electrons and get reduced to the more stable Pb2+{}^{2+}2+ state. PbPbPb{}^{4+}+2e + 2e+2e{}^-→Pb → Pb→Pb{}^{2+}$$ (This reaction is highly favorable as Pb2+{}^{2+}2+ is much more stable than Pb4+{}^{4+}4+).
  • Since Pb4+{}^{4+}4+ has a much greater tendency to be reduced than Sn4+{}^{4+}4+, Pb4+{}^{4+}4+ compounds are stronger oxidising agents than Sn4+{}^{4+}4+ compounds.
  • Therefore, Statement 1 is True.

2. Analyze Statement 2: The higher oxidation states for the group 14 elements are more stable for the heavier members of the group due to 'inert pair effect'.

  • This statement describes the trend of stability for the higher oxidation state (+4) in Group 14.
  • The inert pair effect is the reluctance of the outermost s-electrons (the 'inert pair') to participate in chemical bonding for heavier p-block elements. This is due to the poor shielding of the nuclear charge by the intervening d- and f-orbitals.
  • As a result of the inert pair effect, as we descend Group 14, the stability of the lower oxidation state (+2) increases, while the stability of the higher oxidation state (+4) decreases.
  • The stability order for the +4 oxidation state is: C4+{}^{4+}4+ > Si4+{}^{4+}4+ > Ge4+{}^{4+}4+ > Sn4+{}^{4+}4+ > Pb4+{}^{4+}4+.
  • The stability order for the +2 oxidation state is: Ge2+{}^{2+}2+ < Sn2+{}^{2+}2+ < Pb2+{}^{2+}2+.
  • Statement 2 claims that the higher oxidation state (+4) becomes more stable for heavier members. This is the exact opposite of the actual trend caused by the inert pair effect.
  • Therefore, Statement 2 is False.

3. Conclusion:

  • Statement 1 is True.
  • Statement 2 is False.
  • Based on this analysis, the correct option is C.
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