JEE AdvancedChemistryP Block ElementsMCQ+3 / −1
Statement 1 : Pb compounds are stronger oxidising agents than Sn compounds. and Statement 2 : The higher oxidation states for the group 14 elements are more stable for the heavier members of the group due to 'inert pair effect'.
- AStatement 1 is True, Statement 2 is True; Statement 2 is correct explanation for Statement 1.
- BStatement 1 is True, Statement 2 is True; Statement 2 is NOT correct explanation for Statement 1.
- CStatement 1 is True, Statement 2 is False.
- DStatement 1 is False, Statement 2 is True.
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Correct answer: C
Step-by-step analysis:
1. Analyze Statement 1: Pb compounds are stronger oxidising agents than Sn compounds.
- An oxidising agent is a substance that causes oxidation in another substance by accepting electrons and getting reduced itself. A stronger oxidising agent has a greater tendency to accept electrons.
- Both tin (Sn) and lead (Pb) are elements of Group 14 of the periodic table. The general electronic configuration for this group is . They can exhibit oxidation states of +2 (by losing two p-electrons) and +4 (by losing both s and p valence electrons).
- Due to the inert pair effect, the stability of the lower oxidation state (+2) increases, and the stability of the higher oxidation state (+4) decreases as we move down the group. This effect is particularly significant for the heavier elements like Sn and Pb.
- For tin (Sn), the +4 oxidation state is more stable than the +2 oxidation state. Therefore, Sn has a relatively low tendency to gain two electrons to form Sn. {}^{4+}{}^-{}^{2+}$$ (This reaction is not highly favorable as Sn is stable).
- For lead (Pb), the heavier element in the group, the inert pair effect is very pronounced. The +2 oxidation state is much more stable than the +4 oxidation state.
- Consequently, Pb has a very strong tendency to accept two electrons and get reduced to the more stable Pb state. {}^{4+}{}^-{}^{2+}$$ (This reaction is highly favorable as Pb is much more stable than Pb).
- Since Pb has a much greater tendency to be reduced than Sn, Pb compounds are stronger oxidising agents than Sn compounds.
- Therefore, Statement 1 is True.
2. Analyze Statement 2: The higher oxidation states for the group 14 elements are more stable for the heavier members of the group due to 'inert pair effect'.
- This statement describes the trend of stability for the higher oxidation state (+4) in Group 14.
- The inert pair effect is the reluctance of the outermost s-electrons (the 'inert pair') to participate in chemical bonding for heavier p-block elements. This is due to the poor shielding of the nuclear charge by the intervening d- and f-orbitals.
- As a result of the inert pair effect, as we descend Group 14, the stability of the lower oxidation state (+2) increases, while the stability of the higher oxidation state (+4) decreases.
- The stability order for the +4 oxidation state is: C > Si > Ge > Sn > Pb.
- The stability order for the +2 oxidation state is: Ge < Sn < Pb.
- Statement 2 claims that the higher oxidation state (+4) becomes more stable for heavier members. This is the exact opposite of the actual trend caused by the inert pair effect.
- Therefore, Statement 2 is False.
3. Conclusion:
- Statement 1 is True.
- Statement 2 is False.
- Based on this analysis, the correct option is C.
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