Statement 1 Analysis

1. Reaction Type: The reaction of bromobenzene with Br$_2$/Fe is an electrophilic aromatic substitution, specifically bromination.

2. Reagent's Role: The Lewis acid Fe reacts with Br$_2$ to form FeBr$_3$, which then acts as a catalyst to generate the electrophile, bromonium ion (Br$^+$).

   $$2 \text{Fe} + 3 \text{Br}_2 \rightarrow 2 \text{FeBr}_3 \\ \text{Br}_2 + \text{FeBr}_3 \rightleftharpoons \text{Br}^+ + [\text{FeBr}_4]^-$$

3. Directing Effect of the Bromo Group (-Br): The -Br group attached to the benzene ring has two opposing electronic effects:

   • Inductive Effect (-I): Bromine is more electronegative than carbon, so it withdraws electron density from the benzene ring through the sigma bond. This effect deactivates the ring towards electrophilic attack.
   • Mesomeric Effect (+M or +R): Bromine has lone pairs of electrons that can be delocalized into the benzene ring through resonance. This effect increases the electron density at the ortho and para positions.

   The resonance structures of bromobenzene are:

   

   As seen from the resonance structures, the electron density is increased at the ortho and para positions. Therefore, the incoming electrophile (Br$^+$) will preferentially attack these positions.

4. Major Product: Both ortho (1,2-dibromobenzene) and para (1,4-dibromobenzene) products are formed. However, due to steric hindrance between the bulky bromo groups at the ortho position, the para isomer is the major product.

   $\text{Bromobenzene} \xrightarrow{\text{Br}_2/\text{Fe}} \text{1,4-Dibromobenzene (Major)} + \text{1,2-Dibromobenzene (Minor)}$

5. Conclusion: Statement 1 is True.

Statement 2 Analysis

1. Comparing Inductive and Mesomeric Effects: For halogens (like Br), the electron-withdrawing inductive effect (-I) is stronger than the electron-donating mesomeric effect (+M). This is why halobenzenes are deactivated towards electrophilic substitution compared to benzene itself.

2. Role in Directing: The question is about the effect that directs the incoming electrophile. The orientation of substitution (ortho, meta, or para) is determined by the stability of the intermediate carbocation (arenium ion) formed during the attack.

   • The +M effect donates electron density to the ortho and para positions, stabilizing the arenium ion intermediates for ortho and para attack.
   • The -I effect withdraws electron density from all positions (strongest at ortho, weakest at para) and destabilizes the intermediate.

   The directing influence is governed by the mesomeric effect (+M), which makes the ortho and para positions more reactive than the meta position. The overall reactivity (rate of reaction) is governed by the dominant inductive effect (-I), which deactivates the ring.

3. Statement's Claim: Statement 2 claims that the inductive effect is more dominant than the mesomeric effect in directing the incoming electrophile. This is incorrect. The mesomeric effect is responsible for the ortho-para directing nature of the bromo group. The inductive effect is responsible for the overall deactivation of the ring.

4. Conclusion: Statement 2 is False.

Final Evaluation

• Statement 1 is True.
• Statement 2 is False.

Therefore, the correct option is C.