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Electrochemistry question

2011 · Shift 1 · Q12
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Electrochemistry question

2011 · Shift 1 · Q12

JEE AdvancedChemistryElectrochemistryMCQ+3 / −1
AgNO3AgNO_3AgNO3​(aq.) was added to an aqueous KClKClKCl solution gradually and the conductivity of the solution was measured. The plot of conductance (Λ\LambdaΛ) versus the volume of AgNO3AgNO_3AgNO3​ is IIT-JEE 2011 Paper 1 Offline Chemistry - Electrochemistry Question 13 English
  1. A
    (P)
  2. B
    (Q)
  3. C
    (R)
  4. D
    (S)
View written solutionFree

Correct answer: D

Step-by-Step Solution:

  1. Identify the chemical reaction: When aqueous silver nitrate (AgNO3AgNO_3AgNO3​) is added to an aqueous potassium chloride (KClKClKCl) solution, a precipitation reaction occurs. Silver chloride (AgClAgClAgCl), which is sparingly soluble, precipitates out. The overall reaction is: KCl(aq)+AgNO3(aq)→AgCl(s)+KNO3(aq)KCl(aq) + AgNO_3(aq) \rightarrow AgCl(s) + KNO_3(aq)KCl(aq)+AgNO3​(aq)→AgCl(s)+KNO3​(aq) The net ionic equation shows the key change in the solution: Ag+(aq)+Cl−(aq)→AgCl(s)Ag^+(aq) + Cl^-(aq) \rightarrow AgCl(s)Ag+(aq)+Cl−(aq)→AgCl(s)

  2. Analyze the conductance before the equivalence point:

    • Initially, the solution contains K+K^+K+ and Cl−Cl^-Cl− ions from the dissociation of KClKClKCl. These ions are responsible for the initial conductance of the solution.
    • As AgNO3AgNO_3AgNO3​ solution is added, Ag+Ag^+Ag+ ions are introduced. These Ag+Ag^+Ag+ ions react with the Cl−Cl^-Cl− ions in the solution to form solid AgClAgClAgCl. This removes Cl−Cl^-Cl− ions from the solution.
    • For every Cl−Cl^-Cl− ion removed, a nitrate ion (NO3−NO_3^-NO3−​) from the added AgNO3AgNO_3AgNO3​ enters the solution. The K+K^+K+ ions are spectator ions, so their amount remains constant (though their concentration decreases due to dilution).
    • Essentially, before the equivalence point, Cl−Cl^-Cl− ions are being replaced by NO3−NO_3^-NO3−​ ions in the solution.
    • The change in conductance depends on the ionic mobilities (or limiting molar ionic conductivities, λo\lambda^oλo) of the ions being replaced (Cl−Cl^-Cl−) and the ions replacing them (NO3−NO_3^-NO3−​).
    • The standard limiting molar ionic conductivities at 298 K are:
      • λCl−o=76.3 S cm2 mol−1\lambda^o_{Cl^-} = 76.3 \, S \, cm^2 \, mol^{-1}λCl−o​=76.3Scm2mol−1
      • λNO3−o=71.4 S cm2 mol−1\lambda^o_{NO_3^-} = 71.4 \, S \, cm^2 \, mol^{-1}λNO3−​o​=71.4Scm2mol−1
    • Since the ionic conductivity of Cl−Cl^-Cl− is slightly greater than that of NO3−NO_3^-NO3−​, the replacement of the more mobile Cl−Cl^-Cl− ions with the less mobile NO3−NO_3^-NO3−​ ions causes a slight decrease in the overall conductance of the solution. The dilution effect from adding the titrant also contributes to this decrease.
    • Therefore, the plot of conductance versus the volume of AgNO3AgNO_3AgNO3​ will show a line with a small negative slope before the equivalence point.
  3. Analyze the conductance at and after the equivalence point:

    • At the equivalence point, all the Cl−Cl^-Cl− ions have been precipitated as AgClAgClAgCl. The conductance of the solution is at its minimum because the solution primarily contains the salt KNO3KNO_3KNO3​ and the concentration of other free ions is minimal.
    • After the equivalence point, further addition of AgNO3AgNO_3AgNO3​ solution introduces excess Ag+Ag^+Ag+ and NO3−NO_3^-NO3−​ ions into the solution. These ions do not react and their concentration steadily increases.
    • The addition of these extra ions significantly increases the number of charge carriers in the solution.
    • Therefore, the conductance of the solution increases sharply after the equivalence point. The plot will show a line with a steep positive slope.
  4. Conclusion and Plot Identification:

    • Combining the analysis from the steps above, the titration curve should have a 'V' shape.
    • The first part of the curve (before the equivalence point) should show a slight decrease in conductance.
    • The second part of the curve (after the equivalence point) should show a sharp increase in conductance.
    • Looking at the given options:
      • (P) shows a continuous decrease.
      • (Q) shows an initial increase, then a slower increase.
      • (R) shows a continuous increase with a change in slope.
      • (S) shows a slight decrease in conductance followed by a sharp increase. This matches our analysis perfectly.

Therefore, the correct plot is (S).

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