JEE AdvancedChemistryElectrochemistryMCQ+3 / −1
(aq.) was added to an aqueous solution gradually and the conductivity of the solution was measured. The plot of conductance () versus the volume of is 

- A(P)
- B(Q)
- C(R)
- D(S)
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Correct answer: D
Step-by-Step Solution:
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Identify the chemical reaction: When aqueous silver nitrate () is added to an aqueous potassium chloride () solution, a precipitation reaction occurs. Silver chloride (), which is sparingly soluble, precipitates out. The overall reaction is: The net ionic equation shows the key change in the solution:
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Analyze the conductance before the equivalence point:
- Initially, the solution contains and ions from the dissociation of . These ions are responsible for the initial conductance of the solution.
- As solution is added, ions are introduced. These ions react with the ions in the solution to form solid . This removes ions from the solution.
- For every ion removed, a nitrate ion () from the added enters the solution. The ions are spectator ions, so their amount remains constant (though their concentration decreases due to dilution).
- Essentially, before the equivalence point, ions are being replaced by ions in the solution.
- The change in conductance depends on the ionic mobilities (or limiting molar ionic conductivities, ) of the ions being replaced () and the ions replacing them ().
- The standard limiting molar ionic conductivities at 298 K are:
- Since the ionic conductivity of is slightly greater than that of , the replacement of the more mobile ions with the less mobile ions causes a slight decrease in the overall conductance of the solution. The dilution effect from adding the titrant also contributes to this decrease.
- Therefore, the plot of conductance versus the volume of will show a line with a small negative slope before the equivalence point.
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Analyze the conductance at and after the equivalence point:
- At the equivalence point, all the ions have been precipitated as . The conductance of the solution is at its minimum because the solution primarily contains the salt and the concentration of other free ions is minimal.
- After the equivalence point, further addition of solution introduces excess and ions into the solution. These ions do not react and their concentration steadily increases.
- The addition of these extra ions significantly increases the number of charge carriers in the solution.
- Therefore, the conductance of the solution increases sharply after the equivalence point. The plot will show a line with a steep positive slope.
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Conclusion and Plot Identification:
- Combining the analysis from the steps above, the titration curve should have a 'V' shape.
- The first part of the curve (before the equivalence point) should show a slight decrease in conductance.
- The second part of the curve (after the equivalence point) should show a sharp increase in conductance.
- Looking at the given options:
- (P) shows a continuous decrease.
- (Q) shows an initial increase, then a slower increase.
- (R) shows a continuous increase with a change in slope.
- (S) shows a slight decrease in conductance followed by a sharp increase. This matches our analysis perfectly.
Therefore, the correct plot is (S).
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