Identify the compounds

• $o$-Hydroxybenzoic acid = salicylic acid
• $p$-Hydroxybenzoic acid = para-hydroxybenzoic acid

Analyze Statement 2 first

Statement 2 says: $o$-Hydroxybenzoic acid has intramolecular hydrogen bonding.

This is true.

In $o$-hydroxybenzoic acid, the $-OH$ group and $-COOH$ group are adjacent, so hydrogen bonding can occur within the same molecule:

Effect of intramolecular vs intermolecular hydrogen bonding on boiling point

• Intramolecular hydrogen bonding reduces association between molecules.
• Intermolecular hydrogen bonding increases attraction between molecules, which tends to increase boiling point.

Since $o$-hydroxybenzoic acid shows intramolecular H-bonding, its molecules are less associated with one another.

On the other hand, $p$-hydroxybenzoic acid cannot form such intramolecular H-bonding due to the large separation of groups, so it forms stronger intermolecular hydrogen bonding.

Therefore, $p$-hydroxybenzoic acid has higher boiling point than $o$-hydroxybenzoic acid.

Analyze Statement 1

Statement 1 says: $p$-Hydroxybenzoic acid has a lower boiling point than $o$-hydroxybenzoic acid.

From the above reasoning, this is false.

Actually,

Evaluate the options

• A: Statement 1 true, Statement 2 true, explanation correct ❌
• B: Statement 1 true, Statement 2 true, explanation not correct ❌
• C: Statement 1 true, Statement 2 false ❌
• D: Statement 1 false, Statement 2 true ✅

Final answer

The correct option is:

Comparison with stored correct answer

Stored correct answer = D

My derived answer = D

So, the derived answer agrees with the stored correct answer.