Activated sludge is a process for treating sewage and industrial wastewaters using air and a biological floc composed of bacteria and protozoans. During the process, the primary effluent is taken to aeration tank that contain large number of aerobic heterotrophic microbes. They form flocs that digest a lot of organic matter. As the biological oxygen demand of waste water is reduced, it is passed into settling tank to undergo sedimentation. The sediment of the settling tank is called activated sludge that is a rich source of aerobic bacteria. Hence, the statement (b) is correct.
Biogas is produced by anaerobic breakdown of biomass with the help of methanogenic bacteria. It is made up of methane, carbon dioxide with traces of nitrogen, hydrogen sulphide and hydrogen.
Methanobacterium is an anaerobic bacterium that is found in rumen of cattle and is helpful in the breakdown of cellulose.