The Kingdom Monera includes all prokaryotes. They are basically unicellular but can be mycelial, colonial and filamentous. They contain peptidogycan in cell wall. Naked circular DNA coiled to form nucleoid without association with histones, ribosomes 70S, thylakoids present in photoautotrophs but other membrane bound organelles are absent.

Nutrition is of various types - parasitic, chemoautotrophic, photoautotrophic and saprobic. Some monerans have the ability to fix nitrogen. Due to presence of these characters in archaea and nitrogen-fixing organisms they are placed under monera.

All others fungi, plantae, protists and animalia are eukaryotic.