1. Estimate the athlete’s speed

He covers $100\,\text{m}$ in $10\,\text{s}$, so his average speed is

$v = \frac{100}{10} = 10\,\text{m/s}.$

For an estimate, we can take his speed to be about $10\,\text{m/s}$.

2. Use the kinetic energy formula

Kinetic energy is

$K = \frac{1}{2}mv^2.$

An athlete’s mass is typically of the order of $50$ to $100\,\text{kg}$.

So,

• For $m = 50\,\text{kg}$: $K = \frac{1}{2}(50)(10)^2 = 25 \times 100 = 2500\,\text{J}.$

• For $m = 100\,\text{kg}$: $K = \frac{1}{2}(100)(10)^2 = 50 \times 100 = 5000\,\text{J}.$

Thus the kinetic energy is roughly in the range

$2500\,\text{J} \text{ to } 5000\,\text{J}.$

3. Match with the options

• A: $200\,\text{J} - 500\,\text{J}$ → too small
• B: $2 \times 10^5\,\text{J} - 3 \times 10^5\,\text{J}$ → far too large
• C: $20{,}000\,\text{J} - 50{,}000\,\text{J}$ → too large
• D: $2{,}000\,\text{J} - 5{,}000\,\text{J}$ → correct estimate

4. Final answer

The correct option is

$\boxed{\text{D}}$