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Waves question

2020 · 5 Sep · Shift 1 · Q48
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  5. /2020 · 5 Sep · Shift 1 · Q48

Waves question

2020 · 5 Sep · Shift 1 · Q48

JEE MainPhysicsWavesMCQ+4 / −1
Assume that the displacement(s) of air is proportional to the pressure difference (Δ\DeltaΔ p) created by a sound wave. Displacement (s) further depends on the speed of sound (v), density of air (ρ\rhoρ) and the frequency (f). If Δ\DeltaΔ p ~ 10 Pa, v ~ 300 m/s, ρ\rhoρ ~ 1 kg/m3 and f ~ 1000 Hz, then s will be of the order of (take the multiplicative constant to be 1) :
  1. A
    1 mm
  2. B
    3100{3 \over {100}}1003​ mm
  3. C
    10 mm
  4. D
    110{1 \over {10}}101​ mm
View written solutionFree

Correct answer: B

  1. Assume a proportionality relation

    We are told that displacement sss depends on:

    • pressure difference Δp\Delta pΔp
    • speed of sound vvv
    • density of air ρ\rhoρ
    • frequency fff

    So let s∝(Δp)avbρcfds \propto (\Delta p)^a v^b \rho^c f^ds∝(Δp)avbρcfd

  2. Use dimensional analysis

    Dimensions of each quantity:

    • [s]=L[s] = L[s]=L
    • [Δp]=[pressure]=ML−1T−2[\Delta p] = [\text{pressure}] = M L^{-1} T^{-2}[Δp]=[pressure]=ML−1T−2
    • [v]=LT−1[v] = L T^{-1}[v]=LT−1
    • [ρ]=ML−3[\rho] = M L^{-3}[ρ]=ML−3
    • [f]=T−1[f] = T^{-1}[f]=T−1

    Therefore, L=(ML−1T−2)a(LT−1)b(ML−3)c(T−1)dL = (M L^{-1} T^{-2})^a (L T^{-1})^b (M L^{-3})^c (T^{-1})^dL=(ML−1T−2)a(LT−1)b(ML−3)c(T−1)d

    Equating powers of M,L,TM, L, TM,L,T:

    • For mass MMM: a+c=0a + c = 0a+c=0
    • For length LLL: −a+b−3c=1-a + b - 3c = 1−a+b−3c=1
    • For time TTT: −2a−b−d=0-2a - b - d = 0−2a−b−d=0
  3. Use the condition that displacement is proportional to pressure difference

    Since sss is proportional to Δp\Delta pΔp, we take a=1a = 1a=1

    Then from a+c=0a+c=0a+c=0, c=−1c = -1c=−1

    From −a+b−3c=1-a+b-3c=1−a+b−3c=1, −1+b−3(−1)=1-1 + b -3(-1) = 1−1+b−3(−1)=1 −1+b+3=1-1 + b + 3 = 1−1+b+3=1 b+2=1b+2=1b+2=1 b=−1b=-1b=−1

    From −2a−b−d=0-2a-b-d=0−2a−b−d=0, −2(1)−(−1)−d=0-2(1)-(-1)-d=0−2(1)−(−1)−d=0 −2+1−d=0-2+1-d=0−2+1−d=0 −1−d=0-1-d=0−1−d=0 d=−1d=-1d=−1

    Hence, s∝Δpρvfs \propto \frac{\Delta p}{\rho v f}s∝ρvfΔp​

    Taking multiplicative constant as 111, s=Δpρvfs = \frac{\Delta p}{\rho v f}s=ρvfΔp​

  4. Substitute the given values

    Given: Δp≈10 Pa,ρ≈1 kg/m3,v≈300 m/s,f≈1000 Hz\Delta p \approx 10\,\text{Pa}, \quad \rho \approx 1\,\text{kg/m}^3, \quad v \approx 300\,\text{m/s}, \quad f \approx 1000\,\text{Hz}Δp≈10Pa,ρ≈1kg/m3,v≈300m/s,f≈1000Hz

    So, s=101⋅300⋅1000 ms = \frac{10}{1 \cdot 300 \cdot 1000} \text{ m}s=1⋅300⋅100010​ m s=103×105 ms = \frac{10}{3\times 10^5} \text{ m}s=3×10510​ m s=13×104 ms = \frac{1}{3\times 10^4} \text{ m}s=3×1041​ m s≈3.3×10−5 ms \approx 3.3 \times 10^{-5} \text{ m}s≈3.3×10−5 m

  5. Convert to mm

    Since 1 m=1000 mm1\,\text{m} = 1000\,\text{mm}1m=1000mm, s≈3.3×10−5×1000 mms \approx 3.3 \times 10^{-5} \times 1000\,\text{mm}s≈3.3×10−5×1000mm s≈3.3×10−2 mms \approx 3.3 \times 10^{-2}\,\text{mm}s≈3.3×10−2mm s≈0.033 mms \approx 0.033\,\text{mm}s≈0.033mm

    This is of the order of 3100 mm\frac{3}{100}\,\text{mm}1003​mm

  6. Match with options

    • A: 1 mm1\,\text{mm}1mm ✗
    • B: 3100 mm\dfrac{3}{100}\,\text{mm}1003​mm ✓
    • C: 10 mm10\,\text{mm}10mm ✗
    • D: 110 mm\dfrac{1}{10}\,\text{mm}101​mm ✗

Therefore, the correct option is B.

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