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Units and Measurements question

2020 · 5 Sep · Shift 1 · Q45
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  5. /2020 · 5 Sep · Shift 1 · Q45

Units and Measurements question

2020 · 5 Sep · Shift 1 · Q45

JEE MainPhysicsUnits and MeasurementsMCQ+4 / −1
A physical quantity z depends on four observables a, b, c and d, as z = a2b23cd3{{{a^2}{b^{{2 \over 3}}}} \over {\sqrt c {d^3}}}c​d3a2b32​​. The percentages of error in the measurement of a, b, c and d are 2%, 1.5%, 4% and 2.5% respectively. The percentage of error in z is :
  1. A
    13.5 %
  2. B
    14.5%
  3. C
    16.5%
  4. D
    12.25%
View written solutionFree

Correct answer: B

  1. Write the given relation

    z=a2b2/3c d3z = \frac{a^2 b^{2/3}}{\sqrt{c}\, d^3}z=c​d3a2b2/3​

    We use the rule for maximum percentage error:

    • If z=ambncp…z = a^m b^n c^p \dotsz=ambncp…, then Δzz×100=∣m∣Δaa×100+∣n∣Δbb×100+∣p∣Δcc×100+⋯\frac{\Delta z}{z}\times 100 = |m|\frac{\Delta a}{a}\times 100 + |n|\frac{\Delta b}{b}\times 100 + |p|\frac{\Delta c}{c}\times 100 + \cdotszΔz​×100=∣m∣aΔa​×100+∣n∣bΔb​×100+∣p∣cΔc​×100+⋯
  2. Identify the powers of each variable

    Rewrite the expression as

    z=a2b2/3c−1/2d−3z = a^2 b^{2/3} c^{-1/2} d^{-3}z=a2b2/3c−1/2d−3

    So the exponents are:

    • for aaa: 222
    • for bbb: 23\frac{2}{3}32​
    • for ccc: −12-\frac{1}{2}−21​
    • for ddd: −3-3−3
  3. Use the given percentage errors

    • Error in a=2%a = 2\%a=2%
    • Error in b=1.5%b = 1.5\%b=1.5%
    • Error in c=4%c = 4\%c=4%
    • Error in d=2.5%d = 2.5\%d=2.5%

    Therefore,

    % error in z=2(2)+23(1.5)+12(4)+3(2.5)\%\text{ error in } z = 2(2) + \frac{2}{3}(1.5) + \frac{1}{2}(4) + 3(2.5)% error in z=2(2)+32​(1.5)+21​(4)+3(2.5)

  4. Calculate each term

    2(2)=42(2) = 42(2)=4 23(1.5)=1\frac{2}{3}(1.5) = 132​(1.5)=1 12(4)=2\frac{1}{2}(4) = 221​(4)=2 3(2.5)=7.53(2.5) = 7.53(2.5)=7.5

  5. Add them

    4+1+2+7.5=14.54 + 1 + 2 + 7.5 = 14.54+1+2+7.5=14.5

  6. Final answer

    14.5%\boxed{14.5\%}14.5%​

So, the correct option is B.

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