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Gravitation question

2011 · Shift 0 · Q73
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Gravitation question

2011 · Shift 0 · Q73

JEE MainPhysicsGravitationMCQ+4 / −1
Two bodies of masses mmm and 4m4m4m are placed at a distance r.r.r. The gravitational potential at a point on the line joining them where the gravitational field is zero is:
  1. A
    −4Gmr- {{4Gm} \over r}−r4Gm​
  2. B
    −6Gmr- {{6Gm} \over r}−r6Gm​
  3. C
    −9Gmr- {{9Gm} \over r}−r9Gm​
  4. D
    zero
View written solutionFree

Correct answer: C

  1. Let the point where gravitational field is zero be between the masses.

    Place mass mmm at one end and mass 4m4m4m at the other, separated by distance rrr.

    Let the required point be at distance xxx from mass mmm. Then its distance from mass 4m4m4m is (r−x)(r-x)(r−x).

  2. Condition for zero gravitational field

    The gravitational fields due to the two masses at that point must be equal in magnitude and opposite in direction:

    Gmx2=G(4m)(r−x)2\frac{Gm}{x^2}=\frac{G(4m)}{(r-x)^2}x2Gm​=(r−x)2G(4m)​

    Cancelling GmGmGm:

    1x2=4(r−x)2\frac{1}{x^2}=\frac{4}{(r-x)^2}x21​=(r−x)24​

    (r−x)2=4x2(r-x)^2 = 4x^2(r−x)2=4x2

    Taking positive root (since distances are positive):

    r−x=2xr-x=2xr−x=2x

    r=3xr=3xr=3x

    x=r3x=\frac{r}{3}x=3r​

    So the point is at distance r3\frac{r}{3}3r​ from mass mmm and 2r3\frac{2r}{3}32r​ from mass 4m4m4m.

  3. Gravitational potential at that point

    Gravitational potential is the scalar sum:

    V=−Gmx−G(4m)r−xV=-\frac{Gm}{x}-\frac{G(4m)}{r-x}V=−xGm​−r−xG(4m)​

    Substitute x=r3x=\frac{r}{3}x=3r​ and r−x=2r3r-x=\frac{2r}{3}r−x=32r​:

    V=−Gmr/3−4Gm2r/3V=-\frac{Gm}{r/3}-\frac{4Gm}{2r/3}V=−r/3Gm​−2r/34Gm​

    V=−3Gmr−6GmrV=-\frac{3Gm}{r}-\frac{6Gm}{r}V=−r3Gm​−r6Gm​

    V=−9GmrV=-\frac{9Gm}{r}V=−r9Gm​

  4. Match with options

    V=−9GmrV=-\frac{9Gm}{r}V=−r9Gm​

    This corresponds to Option C.

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