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Electrostatics question

2025 · 2 Apr · Shift 1 · Q51
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Electrostatics question

2025 · 2 Apr · Shift 1 · Q51

JEE MainPhysicsElectrostaticsMCQ+4 / −1
Consider two infinitely large plane parallel conducting plates as shown below. The plates are uniformly charged with a surface charge density +σ+\sigma+σ and −2σ-2 \sigma−2σ. The force experienced by a point charge +q placed at the mid point between two plates will be: JEE Main 2025 (Online) 2nd April Morning Shift Physics - Electrostatics Question 14 English
  1. A
    3σq4ϵ0\frac{3 \sigma q}{4 \epsilon_0}4ϵ0​3σq​
  2. B
    3σq2ϵ0\frac{3 \sigma \mathrm{q}}{2 \epsilon_0}2ϵ0​3σq​
  3. C
    σq4ϵ0\frac{\sigma \mathrm{q}}{4 \epsilon_0}4ϵ0​σq​
  4. D
    σq2ϵ0\frac{\sigma q}{2 \epsilon_0}2ϵ0​σq​
View written solutionFree

Correct answer: IF THE PLATES ARE TRULY CONDUCTING, THE CORRECT FORCE IS $\DISPLAYSTYLE \FRAC{\SIGMA Q}{\EPSILON_0}$., IF THE INTENDED MEANING WAS INFINITE CHARGED SHEETS (NON-CONDUCTING), THEN OPTION B: $\DISPLAYSTYLE \FRAC{3\SIGMA Q}{2\EPSILON_0}$ WOULD BE CORRECT.

  1. Electric field due to an infinite charged conducting plate

For a conductor, the electric field just outside its surface is E=σsurfaceϵ0E = \frac{\sigma_{\text{surface}}}{\epsilon_0}E=ϵ0​σsurface​​ where σsurface\sigma_{\text{surface}}σsurface​ is the charge density on that face.

Also, inside a conductor, the electric field is zero.


  1. Let the surface charge densities on the inner faces be
  • Left plate inner face: σ1\sigma_1σ1​
  • Right plate inner face: σ2\sigma_2σ2​

Given total charge densities on the plates are:

  • Left plate: +σ+\sigma+σ
  • Right plate: −2σ-2\sigma−2σ

Since the outer faces may also carry charge, let outer face densities be:

  • Left outer face: σ3\sigma_3σ3​
  • Right outer face: σ4\sigma_4σ4​

Then total charge on each plate gives: σ1+σ3=+σ\sigma_1 + \sigma_3 = +\sigmaσ1​+σ3​=+σ σ2+σ4=−2σ\sigma_2 + \sigma_4 = -2\sigmaσ2​+σ4​=−2σ


  1. Use the condition that field inside each conductor is zero

For two infinite conducting plates, the charges on the facing surfaces must be equal and opposite: σ1=−σ2\sigma_1 = -\sigma_2σ1​=−σ2​

Now, for isolated plates, the remaining charge distributes on the outer surfaces. Solving with total charges:

Let σ1=x,σ2=−x\sigma_1 = x, \quad \sigma_2 = -xσ1​=x,σ2​=−x Then σ3=σ−x\sigma_3 = \sigma - xσ3​=σ−x σ4=−2σ+x\sigma_4 = -2\sigma + xσ4​=−2σ+x

For infinite sheet configuration, the electric field far outside on the left depends on total charge: Eleft outside=σ+(−2σ)2ϵ0=−σ2ϵ0E_{\text{left outside}} = \frac{\sigma + (-2\sigma)}{2\epsilon_0} = -\frac{\sigma}{2\epsilon_0}Eleft outside​=2ϵ0​σ+(−2σ)​=−2ϵ0​σ​ And just outside the left outer surface of conductor, E=−σ3ϵ0E = -\frac{\sigma_3}{\epsilon_0}E=−ϵ0​σ3​​ so σ3=σ2\sigma_3 = \frac{\sigma}{2}σ3​=2σ​ Hence x=σ−σ2=σ2x = \sigma - \frac{\sigma}{2} = \frac{\sigma}{2}x=σ−2σ​=2σ​ Thus σ1=σ2,σ2=−σ2\sigma_1 = \frac{\sigma}{2}, \qquad \sigma_2 = -\frac{\sigma}{2}σ1​=2σ​,σ2​=−2σ​

So the charges on the inner faces are +σ2+\frac{\sigma}{2}+2σ​ and −σ2-\frac{\sigma}{2}−2σ​.


  1. Field in the region between the plates

Between the plates, both inner faces produce field in the same direction (from positive to negative plate).

Magnitude of field due to left inner face: E1=σ/2ϵ0=σ2ϵ0E_1 = \frac{\sigma/2}{\epsilon_0} = \frac{\sigma}{2\epsilon_0}E1​=ϵ0​σ/2​=2ϵ0​σ​

Magnitude of field due to right inner face: E2=σ/2ϵ0=σ2ϵ0E_2 = \frac{\sigma/2}{\epsilon_0} = \frac{\sigma}{2\epsilon_0}E2​=ϵ0​σ/2​=2ϵ0​σ​

Therefore total field between plates is E=E1+E2=σ2ϵ0+σ2ϵ0=σϵ0E = E_1 + E_2 = \frac{\sigma}{2\epsilon_0} + \frac{\sigma}{2\epsilon_0} = \frac{\sigma}{\epsilon_0}E=E1​+E2​=2ϵ0​σ​+2ϵ0​σ​=ϵ0​σ​

Direction: from the +σ+\sigma+σ plate toward the −2σ-2\sigma−2σ plate.


  1. Force on charge +q+q+q at the midpoint

F=qE=q⋅σϵ0=σqϵ0F = qE = q\cdot \frac{\sigma}{\epsilon_0} = \frac{\sigma q}{\epsilon_0}F=qE=q⋅ϵ0​σ​=ϵ0​σq​


  1. Compare with options

The derived force is σqϵ0\boxed{\frac{\sigma q}{\epsilon_0}}ϵ0​σq​​

This does not match any of the given options.

So the stored answer B=3σq2ϵ0\text{B} = \frac{3\sigma q}{2\epsilon_0}B=2ϵ0​3σq​ is not correct for conducting plates.

If the question had been about non-conducting infinite sheets with charge densities +σ+\sigma+σ and −2σ-2\sigma−2σ, then field at midpoint would be E=σ2ϵ0+2σ2ϵ0=3σ2ϵ0E = \frac{\sigma}{2\epsilon_0} + \frac{2\sigma}{2\epsilon_0} = \frac{3\sigma}{2\epsilon_0}E=2ϵ0​σ​+2ϵ0​2σ​=2ϵ0​3σ​ so F=3σq2ϵ0F = \frac{3\sigma q}{2\epsilon_0}F=2ϵ0​3σq​ which matches option B.

Thus, there is likely an error in the wording: "conducting" should probably be "charged sheets" or "non-conducting sheets."

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