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Electrostatics question

2019 · 9 Jan · Shift 2 · Q68
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Electrostatics question

2019 · 9 Jan · Shift 2 · Q68

JEE MainPhysicsElectrostaticsMCQ+4 / −1
Two point charges q1 (10μC)\left( {\sqrt {10} \mu C} \right)(10​μC) and q2(−-− 25 μ\muμ C) are placed on the x-axis at x = 1 m and x = 4 m respectively. The electric field (in V/m) at a point y = 3 m on y-axis is, [take 14π∈0{1 \over {4\pi { \in _0}}}4π∈0​1​= 9 ×\times× 109 Nm2C −-− 2]
  1. A
    (63i^−27j^)×102\left( {63\widehat i - 27\widehat j} \right) \times {10^2}(63i−27j​)×102
  2. B
    (−63i^+27j^)×102\left( { - 63\widehat i + 27\widehat j} \right) \times {10^2}(−63i+27j​)×102
  3. C
    (81i^−81j^)×102\left( {81\widehat i - 81\widehat j} \right) \times {10^2}(81i−81j​)×102
  4. D
    (−81i^+81j^)×102\left( { - 81\widehat i + 81\widehat j} \right) \times {10^2}(−81i+81j​)×102
View written solutionFree

Correct answer: A

  1. Given data
  • Charge q1=10 μC=10×10−6 Cq_1 = \sqrt{10}\,\mu C = \sqrt{10}\times 10^{-6}\,Cq1​=10​μC=10​×10−6C
  • Charge q2=−25 μC=−25×10−6 Cq_2 = -25\,\mu C = -25\times 10^{-6}\,Cq2​=−25μC=−25×10−6C
  • Position of q1:(1,0)q_1: (1,0)q1​:(1,0)
  • Position of q2:(4,0)q_2: (4,0)q2​:(4,0)
  • Field point P:(0,3)P: (0,3)P:(0,3)
  • Coulomb constant: k=14πε0=9×109 N m2/C2k=\frac{1}{4\pi\varepsilon_0}=9\times 10^9\,\text{N m}^2\text{/C}^2k=4πε0​1​=9×109N m2/C2

We need the net electric field at PPP.


  1. Electric field due to q1q_1q1​

Vector from q1q_1q1​ to PPP: r⃗1=(0−1)i^+(3−0)j^=−i^+3j^\vec r_1 = (0-1)\hat i + (3-0)\hat j = -\hat i + 3\hat jr1​=(0−1)i^+(3−0)j^​=−i^+3j^​

Magnitude: r1=(−1)2+32=10r_1 = \sqrt{(-1)^2+3^2}=\sqrt{10}r1​=(−1)2+32​=10​

Electric field due to a point charge: E⃗1=kq1r13r⃗1\vec E_1 = k\frac{q_1}{r_1^3}\vec r_1E1​=kr13​q1​​r1​

Substitute values: E⃗1=9×109⋅10×10−6(10)3(−i^+3j^)\vec E_1 = 9\times 10^9 \cdot \frac{\sqrt{10}\times 10^{-6}}{(\sqrt{10})^3}(-\hat i+3\hat j)E1​=9×109⋅(10​)310​×10−6​(−i^+3j^​)

Since 10(10)3=110\frac{\sqrt{10}}{(\sqrt{10})^3}=\frac{1}{10}(10​)310​​=101​

So, E⃗1=9×109×10−6×110(−i^+3j^)\vec E_1 = 9\times 10^9\times 10^{-6}\times \frac{1}{10}(-\hat i+3\hat j)E1​=9×109×10−6×101​(−i^+3j^​) E⃗1=9×102(−i^+3j^)\vec E_1 = 9\times 10^2(-\hat i+3\hat j)E1​=9×102(−i^+3j^​)

Hence, E⃗1=(−9i^+27j^)×102 V/m\vec E_1 = (-9\hat i+27\hat j)\times 10^2\,\text{V/m}E1​=(−9i^+27j^​)×102V/m


  1. Electric field due to q2q_2q2​

Vector from q2q_2q2​ to PPP: r⃗2=(0−4)i^+(3−0)j^=−4i^+3j^\vec r_2 = (0-4)\hat i + (3-0)\hat j = -4\hat i + 3\hat jr2​=(0−4)i^+(3−0)j^​=−4i^+3j^​

Magnitude: r2=(−4)2+32=5r_2 = \sqrt{(-4)^2+3^2}=5r2​=(−4)2+32​=5

Now, E⃗2=kq2r23r⃗2\vec E_2 = k\frac{q_2}{r_2^3}\vec r_2E2​=kr23​q2​​r2​

Substitute: E⃗2=9×109⋅−25×10−653(−4i^+3j^)\vec E_2 = 9\times 10^9\cdot \frac{-25\times 10^{-6}}{5^3}(-4\hat i+3\hat j)E2​=9×109⋅53−25×10−6​(−4i^+3j^​)

Since 53=1255^3=12553=125, −25×10−6125=−0.2×10−6=−2×10−7\frac{-25\times 10^{-6}}{125}=-0.2\times 10^{-6}=-2\times 10^{-7}125−25×10−6​=−0.2×10−6=−2×10−7

Thus, E⃗2=9×109×(−2×10−7)(−4i^+3j^)\vec E_2 = 9\times 10^9\times (-2\times 10^{-7})(-4\hat i+3\hat j)E2​=9×109×(−2×10−7)(−4i^+3j^​) E⃗2=−18×102(−4i^+3j^)\vec E_2 = -18\times 10^2(-4\hat i+3\hat j)E2​=−18×102(−4i^+3j^​) E⃗2=(72i^−54j^)×102 V/m\vec E_2 = (72\hat i-54\hat j)\times 10^2\,\text{V/m}E2​=(72i^−54j^​)×102V/m


  1. Net electric field

E⃗=E⃗1+E⃗2\vec E = \vec E_1 + \vec E_2E=E1​+E2​

E⃗=(−9i^+27j^)×102+(72i^−54j^)×102\vec E = (-9\hat i+27\hat j)\times 10^2 + (72\hat i-54\hat j)\times 10^2E=(−9i^+27j^​)×102+(72i^−54j^​)×102

E⃗=(63i^−27j^)×102 V/m\vec E = (63\hat i-27\hat j)\times 10^2\,\text{V/m}E=(63i^−27j^​)×102V/m


  1. Compare with options

The obtained field is E⃗=(63i^−27j^)×102 V/m\boxed{\vec E=(63\hat i-27\hat j)\times 10^2\,\text{V/m}}E=(63i^−27j^​)×102V/m​

This matches Option A.


  1. Comparison with stored correct answer

Stored correct answer: A

Our derived answer: A

So, the stored answer is correct.

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