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Electromagnetic Waves question

2022 · 28 Jun · Shift 2 · Q64
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Electromagnetic Waves question

2022 · 28 Jun · Shift 2 · Q64

JEE MainPhysicsElectromagnetic WavesMCQ+4 / −1
An EM wave propagating in x-direction has a wavelength of 8 mm. The electric field vibrating y-direction has maximum magnitude of 60 Vm −-− 1. Choose the correct equations for electric and magnetic fields if the EM wave is propagating in vacuum :
  1. A
    Ey=60sin⁡[π4×103(x−3×108t)]j^  Vm−1Bz=2sin⁡[π4×103(x−3×108t)]k^  T{E_y} = 60\sin \left[ {{\pi \over 4} \times {{10}^3}(x - 3 \times {{10}^8}t)} \right]\widehat j\,\,V{m^{ - 1}}{B_z} = 2\sin \left[ {{\pi \over 4} \times {{10}^3}(x - 3 \times {{10}^8}t)} \right]\widehat k\,\,TEy​=60sin[4π​×103(x−3×108t)]j​Vm−1Bz​=2sin[4π​×103(x−3×108t)]kT
  2. B
    Ey=60sin⁡[π4×103(x−3×108t)]j^  Vm−1Bz=2×10−7sin⁡[π4×103(x−3×108t)]k^  T{E_y} = 60\sin \left[ {{\pi \over 4} \times {{10}^3}(x - 3 \times {{10}^8}t)} \right]\widehat j\,\,V{m^{ - 1}}{B_z} = 2 \times {10^{ - 7}}\sin \left[ {{\pi \over 4} \times {{10}^3}(x - 3 \times {{10}^8}t)} \right]\widehat k\,\,TEy​=60sin[4π​×103(x−3×108t)]j​Vm−1Bz​=2×10−7sin[4π​×103(x−3×108t)]kT
  3. C
    Ey=2×10−7sin⁡[π4×103(x−3×108t)]j^  Vm−1Bz=60sin⁡[π4×103(x−3×108t)]k^  T{E_y} = 2 \times {10^{ - 7}}\sin \left[ {{\pi \over 4} \times {{10}^3}(x - 3 \times {{10}^8}t)} \right]\widehat j\,\,V{m^{ - 1}}{B_z} = 60\sin \left[ {{\pi \over 4} \times {{10}^3}(x - 3 \times {{10}^8}t)} \right]\widehat k\,\,TEy​=2×10−7sin[4π​×103(x−3×108t)]j​Vm−1Bz​=60sin[4π​×103(x−3×108t)]kT
  4. D
    Ey=2×10−7sin⁡[π4×104(x−4×108t)]j^  Vm−1Bz=60sin⁡[π4×104(x−4×108t)]k^  T{E_y} = 2 \times {10^{ - 7}}\sin \left[ {{\pi \over 4} \times {{10}^4}(x - 4 \times {{10}^8}t)} \right]\widehat j\,\,V{m^{ - 1}}{B_z} = 60\sin \left[ {{\pi \over 4} \times {{10}^4}(x - 4 \times {{10}^8}t)} \right]\widehat k\,\,TEy​=2×10−7sin[4π​×104(x−4×108t)]j​Vm−1Bz​=60sin[4π​×104(x−4×108t)]kT
View written solutionFree

Correct answer: B

  1. Given data
  • Wave propagates in the +x+x+x-direction.
  • Wavelength: λ=8 mm=8×10−3 m\lambda = 8\text{ mm} = 8\times 10^{-3}\text{ m}λ=8 mm=8×10−3 m
  • Electric field is along yyy-direction.
  • Maximum electric field magnitude: E0=60 V m−1E_0 = 60\,\text{V m}^{-1}E0​=60V m−1
  • Since the wave is in vacuum, speed is c=3×108 m s−1c = 3\times 10^8\,\text{m s}^{-1}c=3×108m s−1

  1. Form of EM wave propagating in +x+x+x-direction

A sinusoidal EM wave traveling in the +x+x+x-direction can be written as Ey=E0sin⁡(kx−ωt) j^E_y = E_0\sin(kx-\omega t)\,\hat jEy​=E0​sin(kx−ωt)j^​ Bz=B0sin⁡(kx−ωt) k^B_z = B_0\sin(kx-\omega t)\,\hat kBz​=B0​sin(kx−ωt)k^

Since kx−ωt=k(x−vt)kx-\omega t = k(x-vt)kx−ωt=k(x−vt) for vacuum, v=cv=cv=c.

So the argument should be of the form k(x−ct)k(x-ct)k(x−ct)


  1. Calculate wave number kkk

k=2πλ=2π8×10−3k = \frac{2\pi}{\lambda} = \frac{2\pi}{8\times 10^{-3}}k=λ2π​=8×10−32π​

k=π4×10−3=π4×103 m−1k = \frac{\pi}{4\times 10^{-3}} = \frac{\pi}{4}\times 10^3\,\text{m}^{-1}k=4×10−3π​=4π​×103m−1

So the phase term is (π4×103)(x−3×108t)\left(\frac{\pi}{4}\times 10^3\right)(x-3\times 10^8 t)(4π​×103)(x−3×108t)

This matches options A, B, and C.


  1. Find magnetic field amplitude

For an EM wave in vacuum, E0=cB0E_0 = cB_0E0​=cB0​

Therefore, B0=E0c=603×108B_0 = \frac{E_0}{c} = \frac{60}{3\times 10^8}B0​=cE0​​=3×10860​

B0=20×10−8=2×10−7 TB_0 = 20\times 10^{-8} = 2\times 10^{-7}\,\text{T}B0​=20×10−8=2×10−7T


  1. Direction check

Given:

  • E⃗\vec EE along j^\hat jj^​
  • wave propagates along i^\hat ii^

For EM waves, E⃗×B⃗=direction of propagation\vec E \times \vec B = \text{direction of propagation}E×B=direction of propagation

We need j^×k^=i^\hat j \times \hat k = \hat ij^​×k^=i^

This is correct. So B⃗\vec BB must be along k^\hat kk^.


  1. Construct the correct fields

Thus, Ey=60sin⁡[(π4×103)(x−3×108t)]j^ V m−1E_y = 60\sin\left[\left(\frac{\pi}{4}\times 10^3\right)(x-3\times 10^8 t)\right]\hat j\,\text{V m}^{-1}Ey​=60sin[(4π​×103)(x−3×108t)]j^​V m−1

Bz=2×10−7sin⁡[(π4×103)(x−3×108t)]k^ TB_z = 2\times 10^{-7}\sin\left[\left(\frac{\pi}{4}\times 10^3\right)(x-3\times 10^8 t)\right]\hat k\,\text{T}Bz​=2×10−7sin[(4π​×103)(x−3×108t)]k^T


  1. Option-wise check
  • A: Magnetic amplitude is 2 T2\,\text{T}2T, which is wrong.
  • B: Both phase term and amplitudes are correct.
  • C: Electric and magnetic amplitudes are interchanged, wrong.
  • D: Wrong speed and wrong wave number.

Therefore, the correct option is B.

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