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Electromagnetic Waves question

2022 · 26 Jul · Shift 1 · Q49
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  5. /2022 · 26 Jul · Shift 1 · Q49

Electromagnetic Waves question

2022 · 26 Jul · Shift 1 · Q49

JEE MainPhysicsElectromagnetic WavesMCQ+4 / −1
The magnetic field of a plane electromagnetic wave is given by : B→=2×10−8sin⁡(0.5×103x+1.5×1011t) j^ T\overrightarrow{\mathrm{B}}=2 \times 10^{-8} \sin \left(0.5 \times 10^{3} x+1.5 \times 10^{11} \mathrm{t}\right) \,\hat{j} \mathrm{~T}B=2×10−8sin(0.5×103x+1.5×1011t)j^​ T. The amplitude of the electric field would be :
  1. A
    6 Vm−16\, \mathrm{Vm}^{-1}6Vm−1 along xxx-axis
  2. B
    3 Vm−13\, \mathrm{Vm}^{-1}3Vm−1 along zzz-axis
  3. C
    6 Vm−16\, \mathrm{Vm}^{-1}6Vm−1 along zzz-axis
  4. D
    2×10−8 Vm−12 \times 10^{-8} \,\mathrm{Vm}^{-1}2×10−8Vm−1 along zzz-axis
View written solutionFree

Correct answer: C

  1. Given magnetic field

    B⃗=2×10−8sin⁡(0.5×103x+1.5×1011t) j^ T\vec B = 2\times 10^{-8}\sin\left(0.5\times 10^3 x + 1.5\times 10^{11} t\right)\,\hat j\ \text{T}B=2×10−8sin(0.5×103x+1.5×1011t)j^​ T

    So, the amplitude of magnetic field is

    B0=2×10−8 TB_0 = 2\times 10^{-8}\ \text{T}B0​=2×10−8 T

  2. Relation between electric and magnetic fields in an electromagnetic wave

    For a plane electromagnetic wave in vacuum,

    E0=cB0E_0 = cB_0E0​=cB0​

    where

    c=3×108 m/sc = 3\times 10^8\ \text{m/s}c=3×108 m/s

    Therefore,

    E0=(3×108)(2×10−8)=6 V/mE_0 = (3\times 10^8)(2\times 10^{-8}) = 6\ \text{V/m}E0​=(3×108)(2×10−8)=6 V/m

  3. Direction of propagation

    The phase is

    0.5×103x+1.5×1011t0.5\times 10^3 x + 1.5\times 10^{11} t0.5×103x+1.5×1011t

    A wave of the form

    sin⁡(kx−ωt)\sin(kx-\omega t)sin(kx−ωt)

    travels in the +x+x+x direction, while

    sin⁡(kx+ωt)\sin(kx+\omega t)sin(kx+ωt)

    travels in the −x-x−x direction.

    Hence this wave propagates along the negative xxx-axis.

  4. Determine direction of electric field

    For an electromagnetic wave,

    E⃗×B⃗=direction of propagation\vec E \times \vec B = \text{direction of propagation}E×B=direction of propagation

    Here,

    B⃗∥j^\vec B \parallel \hat jB∥j^​

    and propagation is along

    −i^-\hat i−i^

    We need E⃗\vec EE such that

    E⃗×j^=−i^\vec E \times \hat j = -\hat iE×j^​=−i^

    Now,

    k^×j^=−i^\hat k \times \hat j = -\hat ik^×j^​=−i^

    Therefore,

    E⃗∥k^\vec E \parallel \hat kE∥k^

    i.e. electric field is along the zzz-axis.

  5. Check options

    • A: 6 V/m6\,\text{V/m}6V/m along xxx-axis →\rightarrow→ wrong direction
    • B: 3 V/m3\,\text{V/m}3V/m along zzz-axis →\rightarrow→ wrong magnitude
    • C: 6 V/m6\,\text{V/m}6V/m along zzz-axis →\rightarrow→ correct
    • D: 2×10−8 V/m2\times 10^{-8}\,\text{V/m}2×10−8V/m along zzz-axis →\rightarrow→ wrong magnitude

Therefore, the correct option is C.

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