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Dual Nature of Radiation question

2019 · 10 Jan · Shift 1 · Q51
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  5. /2019 · 10 Jan · Shift 1 · Q51

Dual Nature of Radiation question

2019 · 10 Jan · Shift 1 · Q51

JEE MainPhysicsDual Nature of RadiationMCQ+4 / −1
In an electron microscope, the resolution that can be achieved is of the order of the wavelength of electrons used. To resolve a width of 7.5 × 10–12 m, the minimum electron energy required is close to -
  1. A
    25 keV
  2. B
    500 keV
  3. C
    100 keV
  4. D
    1 keV
View written solutionFree

Correct answer: A

  1. Use de Broglie wavelength relation

For an electron,

λ=hp\lambda = \frac{h}{p}λ=ph​

To resolve a width of order 7.5×10−12 m7.5\times 10^{-12}\,\text{m}7.5×10−12m, we need electron wavelength approximately equal to this value:

λ≈7.5×10−12 m\lambda \approx 7.5\times 10^{-12}\,\text{m}λ≈7.5×10−12m

  1. Relate momentum to kinetic energy

Since the expected answer choices are in keV range, first use the non-relativistic approximation:

K=p22m⇒p=2mKK = \frac{p^2}{2m} \quad \Rightarrow \quad p = \sqrt{2mK}K=2mp2​⇒p=2mK​

So,

λ=h2mK\lambda = \frac{h}{\sqrt{2mK}}λ=2mK​h​

Rearranging,

K=h22mλ2K = \frac{h^2}{2m\lambda^2}K=2mλ2h2​

  1. Substitute values

Take

h=6.626×10−34 J s,me=9.11×10−31 kg,λ=7.5×10−12 mh = 6.626\times 10^{-34}\,\text{J s}, \quad m_e = 9.11\times 10^{-31}\,\text{kg}, \quad \lambda = 7.5\times 10^{-12}\,\text{m}h=6.626×10−34J s,me​=9.11×10−31kg,λ=7.5×10−12m

Then,

K=(6.626×10−34)22(9.11×10−31)(7.5×10−12)2K = \frac{(6.626\times 10^{-34})^2}{2(9.11\times 10^{-31})(7.5\times 10^{-12})^2}K=2(9.11×10−31)(7.5×10−12)2(6.626×10−34)2​

First,

(6.626×10−34)2≈4.39×10−67(6.626\times 10^{-34})^2 \approx 4.39\times 10^{-67}(6.626×10−34)2≈4.39×10−67

and

(7.5×10−12)2=56.25×10−24=5.625×10−23(7.5\times 10^{-12})^2 = 56.25\times 10^{-24} = 5.625\times 10^{-23}(7.5×10−12)2=56.25×10−24=5.625×10−23

So denominator is

2(9.11×10−31)(5.625×10−23)2(9.11\times 10^{-31})(5.625\times 10^{-23})2(9.11×10−31)(5.625×10−23)

=1.024875×10−52= 1.024875\times 10^{-52}=1.024875×10−52

Hence,

K≈4.39×10−671.024875×10−52≈4.28×10−15 JK \approx \frac{4.39\times 10^{-67}}{1.024875\times 10^{-52}} \approx 4.28\times 10^{-15}\,\text{J}K≈1.024875×10−524.39×10−67​≈4.28×10−15J

  1. Convert into eV

Using

1 eV=1.6×10−19 J1\,\text{eV} = 1.6\times 10^{-19}\,\text{J}1eV=1.6×10−19J

K≈4.28×10−151.6×10−19≈2.68×104 eVK \approx \frac{4.28\times 10^{-15}}{1.6\times 10^{-19}} \approx 2.68\times 10^4\,\text{eV}K≈1.6×10−194.28×10−15​≈2.68×104eV

K≈26.8 keVK \approx 26.8\,\text{keV}K≈26.8keV

  1. Match with options

The closest option is:

25 keV\boxed{25\,\text{keV}}25keV​

So the correct option is A.

  1. Check of approximation

Since 26.8 keV26.8\,\text{keV}26.8keV is much smaller than the electron rest energy 511 keV511\,\text{keV}511keV, the non-relativistic approximation is acceptable.


Comparison with stored answer:

Derived answer = A (25 keV)

Stored correct answer = A

They agree.

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