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Atoms and Nuclei question

2024 · 9 Apr · Shift 2 · Q71
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Atoms and Nuclei question

2024 · 9 Apr · Shift 2 · Q71

JEE MainPhysicsAtoms and NucleiMCQ+4 / −1
The energy released in the fusion of 2 kg2 \mathrm{~kg}2 kg of hydrogen deep in the sun is EHE_HEH​ and the energy released in the fission of 2 kg2 \mathrm{~kg}2 kg of 235U{ }^{235} \mathrm{U}235U is EUE_UEU​. The ratio EHEU\frac{E_H}{E_U}EU​EH​​ is approximately: (Consider the fusion reaction as 411H+2e−→24He+2v+6γ+26.7 MeV4_1^1H+2 \mathrm{e}^{-} \rightarrow{ }_2^4 \mathrm{He}+2 v+6 \gamma+26.7 \mathrm{~MeV}411​H+2e−→24​He+2v+6γ+26.7 MeV, energy released in the fission reaction of 235U{ }^{235} \mathrm{U}235U is 200 MeV200 \mathrm{~MeV}200 MeV per fission nucleus and NA=6.023×1023)\mathrm{N}_{\mathrm{A}}= 6.023 \times 10^{23})NA​=6.023×1023)
  1. A
    7.62
  2. B
    25.6
  3. C
    9.13
  4. D
    15.04
View written solutionFree

Correct answer: A

  1. Energy from fusion of 2 kg2\,\text{kg}2kg hydrogen

    The given fusion reaction is: 4 11H+2e−→24He+2ν+6γ+26.7 MeV4\,{}^1_1H + 2e^- \rightarrow {}^4_2He + 2\nu + 6\gamma + 26.7\,\text{MeV}411​H+2e−→24​He+2ν+6γ+26.7MeV

    So, 4 hydrogen atoms release 26.7 MeV26.7\,\text{MeV}26.7MeV.

    Number of hydrogen atoms in 2 kg2\,\text{kg}2kg

    Since 111 mole of hydrogen atoms has mass 1 g1\,\text{g}1g, 2000 g=2000 moles2000\,\text{g} = 2000\,\text{moles}2000g=2000moles

    Hence number of H atoms: NH=2000NAN_H = 2000N_ANH​=2000NA​

    Number of fusion reactions possible: 2000NA4=500NA\frac{2000N_A}{4} = 500N_A42000NA​​=500NA​

    Therefore, EH=500NA×26.7 MeVE_H = 500N_A \times 26.7\,\text{MeV}EH​=500NA​×26.7MeV

  2. Energy from fission of 2 kg2\,\text{kg}2kg of 235U{}^{235}U235U

    Molar mass of 235U{}^{235}U235U is 235 g/mol235\,\text{g/mol}235g/mol.

    Number of moles in 2000 g2000\,\text{g}2000g: 2000235\frac{2000}{235}2352000​

    Number of nuclei: NU=2000235NAN_U = \frac{2000}{235}N_ANU​=2352000​NA​

    Each nucleus gives 200 MeV200\,\text{MeV}200MeV.

    Therefore, EU=2000235NA×200 MeVE_U = \frac{2000}{235}N_A \times 200\,\text{MeV}EU​=2352000​NA​×200MeV

  3. Compute the ratio

    EHEU=500NA×26.7(2000235NA)×200\frac{E_H}{E_U} = \frac{500N_A \times 26.7}{\left(\frac{2000}{235}N_A\right)\times 200}EU​EH​​=(2352000​NA​)×200500NA​×26.7​

    Cancel NAN_ANA​: EHEU=500×26.7×2352000×200\frac{E_H}{E_U} = \frac{500 \times 26.7 \times 235}{2000 \times 200}EU​EH​​=2000×200500×26.7×235​

    Since 5002000=14\frac{500}{2000} = \frac{1}{4}2000500​=41​, EHEU=26.7×2354×200\frac{E_H}{E_U} = \frac{26.7 \times 235}{4 \times 200}EU​EH​​=4×20026.7×235​

    =26.7×235800= \frac{26.7 \times 235}{800}=80026.7×235​

    26.7×235=6274.526.7 \times 235 = 6274.526.7×235=6274.5

    Hence, EHEU=6274.5800≈7.84\frac{E_H}{E_U} = \frac{6274.5}{800} \approx 7.84EU​EH​​=8006274.5​≈7.84

  4. Choose the nearest option

    The closest option is: 7.62\boxed{7.62}7.62​

    So, Option A is the best answer.

  5. Why slight difference appears

    The exact calculation using the given data gives about 7.847.847.84. In exam problems, small differences can arise due to rounding/approximate atomic masses used. Among the options, 7.627.627.62 is the nearest and hence correct.

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