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Trigonometric Ratio and Identites question

2021 · 25 Feb · Shift 2 · Q30
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  5. /2021 · 25 Feb · Shift 2 · Q30

Trigonometric Ratio and Identites question

2021 · 25 Feb · Shift 2 · Q30

JEE MainMathematicsTrigonometric Ratio and IdentitesMCQ+4 / −1
If 0 < x, y < π\piπ and cosx + cosy −-− cos(x + y) =32{3 \over 2}23​, then sinx + cosy is equal to :
  1. A
    1+32{{1 + \sqrt 3 } \over 2}21+3​​
  2. B
    12{{1 \over 2}}21​
  3. C
    32{{\sqrt 3 } \over 2}23​​
  4. D
    1−32{{1 - \sqrt 3 } \over 2}21−3​​
View written solutionFree

Correct answer: A

  1. We are given cos⁡x+cos⁡y−cos⁡(x+y)=32,0<x,y<π.\cos x+\cos y-\cos(x+y)=\frac32, \qquad 0<x,y<\pi.cosx+cosy−cos(x+y)=23​,0<x,y<π. We need to find the value of sin⁡x+cos⁡y.\sin x+\cos y.sinx+cosy.

  2. Use the identity cos⁡(x+y)=cos⁡xcos⁡y−sin⁡xsin⁡y.\cos(x+y)=\cos x\cos y-\sin x\sin y.cos(x+y)=cosxcosy−sinxsiny. So, \begin{align*} \cos x+\cos y-\cos(x+y) &=\cos x+\cos y-(\cos x\cos y-\sin x\sin y)\ &=\cos x+\cos y-\cos x\cos y+\sin x\sin y. \end{align*} This is not immediately convenient, so let us use the standard substitution: u=x+y2,v=x−y2.u=\frac{x+y}{2}, \qquad v=\frac{x-y}{2}.u=2x+y​,v=2x−y​. Then x=u+v,y=u−v.x=u+v, \qquad y=u-v.x=u+v,y=u−v. Since 0<x,y<π0<x,y<\pi0<x,y<π, we have 0<u<π0<u<\pi0<u<π.

  3. Rewrite each cosine: cos⁡x+cos⁡y=2cos⁡ucos⁡v,\cos x+\cos y=2\cos u\cos v,cosx+cosy=2cosucosv, and cos⁡(x+y)=cos⁡(2u).\cos(x+y)=\cos(2u).cos(x+y)=cos(2u). Thus the given equation becomes 2cos⁡ucos⁡v−cos⁡2u=32.2\cos u\cos v-\cos 2u=\frac32.2cosucosv−cos2u=23​. Using cos⁡2u=2cos⁡2u−1,\cos 2u=2\cos^2u-1,cos2u=2cos2u−1, we get \begin{align*} 2\cos u\cos v-(2\cos^2u-1)&=\frac32 \ 2\cos u\cos v-2\cos^2u+1&=\frac32 \ 2\cos u(\cos v-\cos u)&=\frac12. \end{align*} This still looks messy, so let us instead use a sharper bound.

  4. Since 0<x,y<π0<x,y<\pi0<x,y<π, we have sin⁡x>0,sin⁡y>0.\sin x>0,\quad \sin y>0.sinx>0,siny>0. Now, cos⁡x+cos⁡y−cos⁡(x+y)=cos⁡x+cos⁡y−(cos⁡xcos⁡y−sin⁡xsin⁡y).\cos x+\cos y-\cos(x+y)=\cos x+\cos y-(\cos x\cos y-\sin x\sin y).cosx+cosy−cos(x+y)=cosx+cosy−(cosxcosy−sinxsiny). So =cos⁡x+cos⁡y−cos⁡xcos⁡y+sin⁡xsin⁡y.=\cos x+\cos y-\cos x\cos y+\sin x\sin y.=cosx+cosy−cosxcosy+sinxsiny. Observe that for 0<x,y<π0<x,y<\pi0<x,y<π, sin⁡xsin⁡y≤1,\sin x\sin y\le 1,sinxsiny≤1, and also cos⁡x+cos⁡y−cos⁡xcos⁡y≤1\cos x+\cos y-\cos x\cos y\le 1cosx+cosy−cosxcosy≤1 because if a=cos⁡x,b=cos⁡ya=\cos x, b=\cos ya=cosx,b=cosy with a,b∈[−1,1]a,b\in[-1,1]a,b∈[−1,1], then a+b−ab≤1a+b-ab\le 1a+b−ab≤1 (since 1−(a+b−ab)=(1−a)(1−b)≥01-(a+b-ab)=(1-a)(1-b)\ge 01−(a+b−ab)=(1−a)(1−b)≥0). Hence cos⁡x+cos⁡y−cos⁡(x+y)≤2.\cos x+\cos y-\cos(x+y)\le 2.cosx+cosy−cos(x+y)≤2. But we need the exact value 32\frac3223​, so let us look for equality structure through options.

  5. Let us test a natural symmetric possibility: if x=yx=yx=y, then 2cos⁡x−cos⁡2x=32.2\cos x-\cos 2x=\frac32.2cosx−cos2x=23​. Using cos⁡2x=2cos⁡2x−1\cos 2x=2\cos^2x-1cos2x=2cos2x−1, \begin{align*} 2\cos x-(2\cos^2x-1)&=\frac32\ -2\cos^2x+2\cos x+1&=\frac32\ -4\cos^2x+4\cos x-1&=0\ (2\cos x-1)^2&=0. \end{align*} Thus cos⁡x=12  ⟹  x=π3\cos x=\frac12 \implies x=\frac\pi3cosx=21​⟹x=3π​ (because 0<x<π0<x<\pi0<x<π). Hence x=y=π3.x=y=\frac\pi3.x=y=3π​. Check: cos⁡π3+cos⁡π3−cos⁡2π3=12+12−(−12)=32,\cos\frac\pi3+\cos\frac\pi3-\cos\frac{2\pi3}=\frac12+\frac12-\left(-\frac12\right)=\frac32,cos3π​+cos3π​−cos=2π3​21​+21​−(−21​)=23​, so this works.

  6. Now compute sin⁡x+cos⁡y=sin⁡π3+cos⁡π3=32+12=1+32.\sin x+\cos y=\sin\frac\pi3+\cos\frac\pi3=\frac{\sqrt3}{2}+\frac12=\frac{1+\sqrt3}{2}.sinx+cosy=sin3π​+cos3π​=23​​+21​=21+3​​.

  7. Therefore the correct option is 1+32.\boxed{\frac{1+\sqrt3}{2}}.21+3​​​.

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