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Statistics question

2020 · 2 Sep · Shift 2 · Q35
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Statistics question

2020 · 2 Sep · Shift 2 · Q35

JEE MainMathematicsStatisticsNumerical+4 / −1
If the variance of the terms in an increasing A.P., b1 , b2 , b3 ,....,b11 is 90, then the common difference of this A.P. is ‾\underline{\hspace{2cm}}​.
Numerical answer
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Correct answer: 3

  1. Let the increasing A.P. with 11 terms be b1,b2,…,b11b_1, b_2, \dots, b_{11}b1​,b2​,…,b11​ with first term aaa and common difference ddd.

    So the terms are: a, a+d, a+2d, …, a+10da,\ a+d,\ a+2d,\ \dots,\ a+10da, a+d, a+2d, …, a+10d

  2. The variance does not change if we add or subtract the same constant from all terms.

    Hence, the variance of a,a+d,a+2d,…,a+10da, a+d, a+2d, \dots, a+10da,a+d,a+2d,…,a+10d is the same as the variance of 0,d,2d,…,10d0, d, 2d, \dots, 10d0,d,2d,…,10d

    That is, Var(0,d,2d,…,10d)=d2 Var(0,1,2,…,10)\text{Var}(0,d,2d,\dots,10d)=d^2\,\text{Var}(0,1,2,\dots,10)Var(0,d,2d,…,10d)=d2Var(0,1,2,…,10)

  3. Now find the variance of numbers 0,1,2,…,100,1,2,\dots,100,1,2,…,10.

    Their mean is xˉ=0+1+2+⋯+1011=5511=5\bar{x}=\frac{0+1+2+\cdots+10}{11}=\frac{55}{11}=5xˉ=110+1+2+⋯+10​=1155​=5

  4. Variance is σ2=111∑k=010(k−5)2\sigma^2=\frac{1}{11}\sum_{k=0}^{10}(k-5)^2σ2=111​∑k=010​(k−5)2

    Compute: (−5)2+(−4)2+(−3)2+(−2)2+(−1)2+02+12+22+32+42+52(-5)^2+(-4)^2+(-3)^2+(-2)^2+(-1)^2+0^2+1^2+2^2+3^2+4^2+5^2(−5)2+(−4)2+(−3)2+(−2)2+(−1)2+02+12+22+32+42+52 =25+16+9+4+1+0+1+4+9+16+25=110=25+16+9+4+1+0+1+4+9+16+25=110=25+16+9+4+1+0+1+4+9+16+25=110

    Therefore, Var(0,1,2,…,10)=11011=10\text{Var}(0,1,2,\dots,10)=\frac{110}{11}=10Var(0,1,2,…,10)=11110​=10

  5. Hence the given variance is d2⋅10=90d^2 \cdot 10 = 90d2⋅10=90

    So, d2=9d^2=9d2=9 d=±3d=\pm 3d=±3

  6. Since the A.P. is increasing, the common difference must be positive.

    Therefore, d=3d=3d=3

Final Answer

The common difference is 3\boxed{3}3​

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