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Sequences and Series question

2024 · 9 Apr · Shift 2 · Q48
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  5. /2024 · 9 Apr · Shift 2 · Q48

Sequences and Series question

2024 · 9 Apr · Shift 2 · Q48

JEE MainMathematicsSequences and SeriesMCQ+4 / −1
Let a,ar,ar2a, a r, a r^2a,ar,ar2, ............ be an infinite G.P. If ∑n=0∞arn=57\sum_{n=0}^{\infty} a r^n=57∑n=0∞​arn=57 and ∑n=0∞a3r3n=9747\sum_{n=0}^{\infty} a^3 r^{3 n}=9747∑n=0∞​a3r3n=9747, then a+18ra+18 ra+18r is equal to
  1. A
    27
  2. B
    38
  3. C
    31
  4. D
    46
View written solutionFree

Correct answer: C

  1. For the infinite geometric series, ∑n=0∞arn=a1−r=57(∣r∣<1)\sum_{n=0}^{\infty} ar^n=\frac{a}{1-r}=57 \qquad (|r|<1)∑n=0∞​arn=1−ra​=57(∣r∣<1) so a=57(1−r).a=57(1-r).a=57(1−r).

  2. Also, ∑n=0∞a3r3n=a3∑n=0∞(r3)n=a31−r3=9747.\sum_{n=0}^{\infty} a^3r^{3n}=a^3\sum_{n=0}^{\infty}(r^3)^n=\frac{a^3}{1-r^3}=9747.∑n=0∞​a3r3n=a3∑n=0∞​(r3)n=1−r3a3​=9747.

  3. Substitute a=57(1−r)a=57(1-r)a=57(1−r): [57(1−r)]31−r3=9747.\frac{[57(1-r)]^3}{1-r^3}=9747.1−r3[57(1−r)]3​=9747. Since 1−r3=(1−r)(1+r+r2),1-r^3=(1-r)(1+r+r^2),1−r3=(1−r)(1+r+r2), we get 573(1−r)3(1−r)(1+r+r2)=9747,\frac{57^3(1-r)^3}{(1-r)(1+r+r^2)}=9747,(1−r)(1+r+r2)573(1−r)3​=9747, hence 573(1−r)21+r+r2=9747.\frac{57^3(1-r)^2}{1+r+r^2}=9747.1+r+r2573(1−r)2​=9747.

  4. Now compute: 573=185193,57^3=185193,573=185193, so 185193(1−r)21+r+r2=9747.\frac{185193(1-r)^2}{1+r+r^2}=9747.1+r+r2185193(1−r)2​=9747. Divide both sides by 974797479747: (1−r)21+r+r2=9747185193=119.\frac{(1-r)^2}{1+r+r^2}=\frac{9747}{185193}=\frac{1}{19}.1+r+r2(1−r)2​=1851939747​=191​. Thus, 19(1−r)2=1+r+r2.19(1-r)^2=1+r+r^2.19(1−r)2=1+r+r2.

  5. Expand: 19(1−2r+r2)=1+r+r219(1-2r+r^2)=1+r+r^219(1−2r+r2)=1+r+r2 19−38r+19r2=1+r+r219-38r+19r^2=1+r+r^219−38r+19r2=1+r+r2 18r2−39r+18=0.18r^2-39r+18=0.18r2−39r+18=0. Divide by 333: 6r2−13r+6=0.6r^2-13r+6=0.6r2−13r+6=0. Factor: 6r2−13r+6=(3r−2)(2r−3)=0.6r^2-13r+6=(3r-2)(2r-3)=0.6r2−13r+6=(3r−2)(2r−3)=0. So, r=23orr=32.r=\frac{2}{3}\quad \text{or} \quad r=\frac{3}{2}.r=32​orr=23​.

  6. Since the series is infinite and convergent, ∣r∣<1|r|<1∣r∣<1, so r=23.r=\frac{2}{3}.r=32​.

  7. Then a=57(1−23)=57⋅13=19.a=57\left(1-\frac{2}{3}\right)=57\cdot \frac{1}{3}=19.a=57(1−32​)=57⋅31​=19.

  8. Therefore, a+18r=19+18⋅23=19+12=31.a+18r=19+18\cdot \frac{2}{3}=19+12=31.a+18r=19+18⋅32​=19+12=31.

  9. Checking options: the correct option is 31\boxed{31}31​ which is Option C.

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