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Quadratic Equation and Inequalities question

2018 · 15 Apr · Shift 1 · Q31
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Quadratic Equation and Inequalities question

2018 · 15 Apr · Shift 1 · Q31

JEE MainMathematicsQuadratic Equation and InequalitiesMCQ+4 / −1
If λ∈\lambda \inλ∈ R is such that the sum of the cubes of the roots of the equation, x2 + (2 −λ-\lambda−λ) x + (10 −λ-\lambda−λ) = 0 is minimum, then the magnitude of the difference of the roots of this equation is :
  1. A
    424\sqrt 242​
  2. B
    252\sqrt 525​
  3. C
    272\sqrt 727​
  4. D
    20
View written solutionFree

Correct answer: B

  1. Let the roots of x2+(2−λ)x+(10−λ)=0x^2+(2-\lambda)x+(10-\lambda)=0x2+(2−λ)x+(10−λ)=0 be α,β\alpha,\betaα,β.

Then by Vieta's formulas, α+β=λ−2,αβ=10−λ.\alpha+\beta=\lambda-2, \qquad \alpha\beta=10-\lambda.α+β=λ−2,αβ=10−λ.

  1. We need to minimize the sum of cubes of the roots: α3+β3.\alpha^3+\beta^3.α3+β3.

Use the identity α3+β3=(α+β)3−3αβ(α+β).\alpha^3+\beta^3=(\alpha+\beta)^3-3\alpha\beta(\alpha+\beta).α3+β3=(α+β)3−3αβ(α+β).

Substitute: α3+β3=(λ−2)3−3(10−λ)(λ−2).\alpha^3+\beta^3=(\lambda-2)^3-3(10-\lambda)(\lambda-2).α3+β3=(λ−2)3−3(10−λ)(λ−2).

Factor out (λ−2)(\lambda-2)(λ−2): α3+β3=(λ−2)[(λ−2)2−3(10−λ)].\alpha^3+\beta^3=(\lambda-2)\left[(\lambda-2)^2-3(10-\lambda)\right].α3+β3=(λ−2)[(λ−2)2−3(10−λ)].

Now simplify: (λ−2)2=λ2−4λ+4(\lambda-2)^2=\lambda^2-4\lambda+4(λ−2)2=λ2−4λ+4 and −3(10−λ)=−30+3λ.-3(10-\lambda)=-30+3\lambda.−3(10−λ)=−30+3λ.

So, α3+β3=(λ−2)(λ2−λ−26).\alpha^3+\beta^3=(\lambda-2)(\lambda^2-\lambda-26).α3+β3=(λ−2)(λ2−λ−26).

Expanding, S(λ)=λ3−3λ2−24λ+52.S(\lambda)=\lambda^3-3\lambda^2-24\lambda+52.S(λ)=λ3−3λ2−24λ+52.

  1. To find the minimum of S(λ)S(\lambda)S(λ), differentiate: S′(λ)=3λ2−6λ−24=3(λ2−2λ−8)=3(λ−4)(λ+2).S'(\lambda)=3\lambda^2-6\lambda-24=3(\lambda^2-2\lambda-8)=3(\lambda-4)(\lambda+2).S′(λ)=3λ2−6λ−24=3(λ2−2λ−8)=3(λ−4)(λ+2).

Critical points are: λ=4, −2.\lambda=4,\,-2.λ=4,−2.

Second derivative: S′′(λ)=6λ−6.S''(\lambda)=6\lambda-6.S′′(λ)=6λ−6.

At λ=4\lambda=4λ=4, S′′(4)=18>0,S''(4)=18>0,S′′(4)=18>0, so λ=4\lambda=4λ=4 gives a local minimum.

  1. Now the equation becomes, for λ=4\lambda=4λ=4: x2+(2−4)x+(10−4)=0x^2+(2-4)x+(10-4)=0x2+(2−4)x+(10−4)=0 x2−2x+6=0.x^2-2x+6=0.x2−2x+6=0.

If roots are r1,r2r_1,r_2r1​,r2​, then ∣r1−r2∣=(r1+r2)2−4r1r2|r_1-r_2|=\sqrt{(r_1+r_2)^2-4r_1r_2}∣r1​−r2​∣=(r1​+r2​)2−4r1​r2​​ for real roots up to sign, and in magnitude generally from the discriminant, ∣r1−r2∣=∣D∣|r_1-r_2|=\sqrt{|D|}∣r1​−r2​∣=∣D∣​ with D=b2−4ac=(−2)2−4(1)(6)=4−24=−20.D=b^2-4ac=(-2)^2-4(1)(6)=4-24=-20.D=b2−4ac=(−2)2−4(1)(6)=4−24=−20.

Thus the magnitude of the difference is ∣r1−r2∣=20=25.|r_1-r_2|=\sqrt{20}=2\sqrt{5}.∣r1​−r2​∣=20​=25​.

  1. Hence the correct option is 25.\boxed{2\sqrt{5}}.25​​.
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